Q: Which of the following equations best represents the proportion of protein to lipid in the myelin sheath?

$$\frac{\text{protein}}{\text{lipid}} = \frac{20}{80}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate and regulate body activities by detecting stimuli, processing information, and issuing responses

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of voluntary muscle control and diminished reflexes. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of nerves and ganglia.

Question 4

Which structural class of neuron is most commonly found in the central nervous system and is characterized by one axon and multiple dendrites?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 5

A virus is known to travel from the periphery to the CNS by moving up the axon toward the cell body. Which type of axonal transport does this describe, and which motor protein is involved?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde transport; dynein

Question 6

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 7

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) experiences muscle weakness and vision problems. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Deterioration of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support, regulate the blood-brain barrier, and influence synaptic signaling.

Question 9

Which of the following equations best represents the proportion of protein to lipid in the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{	ext{protein}}{	ext{lipid}} = \frac{20}{80}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of information in a typical reflex arc involving the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why mature neurons in the CNS rarely form tumors?

Accepted Answer

They lack centrioles and cannot undergo mitosis.

Question 12

A child of Eastern European Jewish ancestry is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease. Which of the following is the primary biochemical defect?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme leading to accumulation of GM$$_2$$ ganglioside in the myelin sheath

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of myelination in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes extend processes that wrap around portions of multiple axons, pushing newer layers of myelin under older ones.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglia (glial cells)?

Accepted Answer

Conducting electrical impulses

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between anterograde and retrograde axonal transport?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde transport moves materials away from the cell body using kinesin, while retrograde transport moves materials toward the cell body using dynein.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the node of Ranvier is important in neural conduction?

Accepted Answer

It allows for saltatory conduction by providing gaps in the myelin sheath where action potentials can be regenerated.

Question 17

Which of the following glial cells is responsible for secreting and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 18

A patient has a tumor that is highly malignant and grows rapidly in the brain. Which cell type is most likely the origin of this tumor?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia and regulate the chemical environment.

Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Support in Anatomy & Physiology

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