Q: Which equation best represents the net movement of ions by the sodium-potassium pump?

$$3\ \text{Na}^+ \text{out} : 2\ \text{K}^+ \text{in}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of neuroglia (glial cells) in neural tissue?

Accepted Answer

They support and protect neurons.

Question 2

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences poor muscle coordination. Which structural feature of neurons is most directly affected in this disease?

Accepted Answer

The myelin sheath

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves 2 potassium ions in and 3 sodium ions out, creating a net negative charge inside the cell.

Question 4

Which equation best represents the resting membrane potential of a neuron, given the typical values?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{rest} = -70\ 	ext{mV}$$

Question 5

During the propagation of an action potential in a myelinated axon, which process allows for rapid transmission?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction, where the action potential 'jumps' from node to node

Question 6

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the central nervous system and is responsible for skeletal muscle motor control?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 7

A local anesthetic such as Novocain blocks sodium channels. What is the immediate effect on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the generation of action potentials.

Question 8

Which neuroglial cell type is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 9

If a neuron is stimulated and its membrane potential changes from $$-70\ 	ext{mV} to$$ $$-55\ 	ext{mV}$$, what event is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Action potential generation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the blood-brain barrier and repair damaged neural tissue.

Question 11

A neuron receives a stimulus that causes its membrane potential to become more negative than the resting potential. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the refractory period of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

During the relative refractory period, a neuron requires a stronger than usual stimulus to fire.

Question 13

Which structural feature of a neuron is responsible for receiving information from other neurons and constitutes 80–90% of the neuron's surface area?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic spines

Question 14

Which equation best represents the net movement of ions by the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ 	ext{Na}^+ 	ext{out} : 2\ 	ext{K}^+ 	ext{in}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin insulates the axon, allowing action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter is released, binds to postsynaptic receptors, and is then reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron.

Question 17

Which type of neuron is most likely to be found in the sensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron

Question 18

A patient suffers an injury to a peripheral nerve. Which process describes the degeneration of the axon distal to the injury?

Accepted Answer

Wallerian degeneration

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Deliver sensory information to the CNS

Question 20

Which neuroglial cell type is responsible for cleaning up cellular debris and pathogens in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

lecture exam 4: neural tissue and the nervous System

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