Q: Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

$$\text{DNA} \to \text{RNA} \to \text{Protein}$$

Q: If a DNA template strand has the sequence $$5'\text{-TAC GCT CAA TGG GTC GAG CCT ATT-}3'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

$$5'\text{-AUG CGA GUU ACC CAG CUC GGA UAA-}3'$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly matches the monomer with its corresponding polymer for nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide - Nucleic Acid

Question 2

Which structural feature distinguishes DNA from RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar

Question 3

During transcription, which of the following base-pairing rules is correct for RNA synthesis from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine (C) in DNA pairs with Guanine (G) in RNA

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} 	o 	ext{RNA} 	o 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 5

A mutation in the DNA sequence changes a codon from GAA to GUA. What is the most likely consequence of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid sequence may change, potentially altering protein shape and function

Question 6

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

Question 7

If a DNA template strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{-TAC GCT CAA TGG GTC GAG CCT ATT-}3'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-AUG CGA GUU ACC CAG CUC GGA UAA-}3'$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why a protein's shape is important?

Accepted Answer

The shape determines the protein's activity and function

Question 9

During translation, what is the role of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

tRNA brings specific amino acids to the ribosome according to the codon sequence on mRNA

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Question 11

A patient with sickle-cell anemia has a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin. This is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

A change in the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA

Question 12

Which process is responsible for converting the nucleotide sequence of mRNA into the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Forms the core of the ribosome and catalyzes peptide bond formation

Question 14

A codon is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A group of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between gene therapy and protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy introduces a functional gene so that the correct protein can be synthesized

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

An amino group

Question 17

If the mRNA codon is $$5'	ext{-AUG-}3'$$, what is the corresponding anticodon on tRNA?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-UAC-}3'$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mRNA vaccines are effective?

Accepted Answer

They contain instructions for cells to make a viral protein, triggering an immune response

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Protein folding

Question 20

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$5'	ext{-TAC-}3' to$$ $$5'	ext{-TAT-}3'. $$What is the effect on the mRNA and the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA codon changes from $$5'	ext{-AUG-}3' to$$ $$5'	ext{-AUA-}3'$$, which may result in a different amino acid being incorporated

Nucleic Acids & The Flow of Genetic Information: Protein Synthesis

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