Q: Which of the following equations correctly calculates Body Mass Index (BMI) in pounds and inches?

$$\text{BMI} = \frac{\text{wt (lb)} \times 705}{\text{height (inches)}^2}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the energy balance in the body?

$$\text{Energy intake} = \text{Energy output}$$

Question 1

Which process is responsible for removing the amine group from glutamic acid in the liver, resulting in the formation of ammonia and regeneration of α-ketoglutaric acid?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative deamination

Question 2

During the absorptive state, which hormone is primarily responsible for facilitating the diffusion of glucose into muscle and adipose cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 3

What is the fate of excess amino acids in the body when dietary protein intake exceeds requirements?

Accepted Answer

Converted to fat for storage

Question 4

Which metabolic pathway allows pyruvic acid formed from amino acid catabolism to be reconverted to glucose?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 5

A patient with diabetes mellitus is unable to utilize glucose efficiently. Which of the following consequences is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Excessive glucose loss in urine

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly calculates Body Mass Index (BMI) in pounds and inches?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{BMI} = \frac{	ext{wt (lb)} 	imes 705}{	ext{height (inches)}^2}$$

Question 7

Which lipoprotein is considered protective against heart disease because it transports excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver?

Accepted Answer

HDL (high-density lipoprotein)

Question 8

What is the primary goal of the postabsorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Maintain blood glucose levels between meals

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to declining blood glucose and rising amino acid levels, promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 10

Which mechanism of heat transfer is responsible for the loss of heat by infrared rays from the body?

Accepted Answer

Radiation

Question 11

A person with a core body temperature of 41°C is at risk for which condition, characterized by a positive-feedback mechanism and potential organ damage?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthermia (heat stroke)

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of metabolic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood triglycerides

Question 13

Which of the following statements about cholesterol metabolism is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids enhance cholesterol excretion into bile salts

Question 14

Which process is hormonally controlled and requires a complete set of amino acids, including essential amino acids from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Increased BMR and weight loss

Question 16

Which equation best represents the energy balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Energy intake} = 	ext{Energy output}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a major function of hepatocytes in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Store vitamins and minerals

Question 18

Which hormone is secreted by fat cells in response to increased body fat mass and acts on hypothalamic neurons to suppress appetite?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 19

Which of the following is a result of nonenzymatic binding of glucose to proteins with aging?

Accepted Answer

Lens clouding and tissue stiffening

Question 20

A newborn is diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU). What dietary restriction is necessary to prevent neurological damage?

Accepted Answer

Restrict intake of phenylalanine

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance: Study Notes for Human Anatomy & Physiology

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