Question 1

Which of the following best describes an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that always contains carbon and hydrogen, often with oxygen, nitrogen, or phosphorus, and originates in living organisms.

Question 2

Which functional group is found in amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group $$-NH_2$

Question 3

What is the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are large molecules made by joining many monomers together through covalent bonds.

Question 4

Which process involves the removal of a water molecule to join two monomers?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 5

A patient is unable to break down glycogen into glucose during fasting. Which reaction is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct general formula for a carbohydrate monomer?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 7

Which type of lipid is characterized by a four-ring hydrocarbon structure and serves as the basis for hormones like testosterone and estrogen?

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Question 8

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms and are solid at room temperature.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a physiological role of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage for long-term use

Question 10

Which level of protein structure is primarily responsible for the overall 3D shape of a single polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 11

A protein loses its function after exposure to high heat. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation has disrupted its shape, affecting its function.

Question 12

Which of the following is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 13

Which molecule is the main energy currency of the cell and is rapidly depleted during intense activity?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 14

Which bond is formed between two amino acids during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are vital to cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, allowing them to form bilayers.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It involves folding into alpha helices and beta sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and stores genetic information; RNA is single-stranded and helps in protein synthesis.

Question 18

A mutation changes the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of a hydrolysis reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of starch into glucose during digestion.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – Amino acid

Chapter Two pt. 3

Study Guide - Practice Questions