Question 1

Which of the following best describes an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that always contains carbon and hydrogen, often with oxygen, nitrogen, or phosphorus, and originates in living organisms.

Question 2

Which functional group is commonly found in both carbohydrates and amino acids and is represented by $$-OH$$?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group

Question 3

What is the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are single units that can be joined together to form polymers, which are large molecules made of repeating subunits.

Question 4

Which process involves the removal of a water molecule to join two monomers together?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 5

A patient is unable to break down starch into glucose in their digestive tract. Which chemical reaction is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct general formula for a carbohydrate monomer?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 7

Which type of lipid is characterized by a four-ring hydrocarbon structure and serves as the basis for hormones like testosterone and estrogen?

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Question 8

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms and are solid at room temperature.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a physiological or structural role of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic information

Question 10

Which level of protein structure is primarily stabilized by hydrogen bonds forming alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 11

A mutation causes a change in the sequence of amino acids in hemoglobin. Which level of protein structure is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why denaturation of a protein leads to loss of function?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation disrupts the protein's shape, preventing it from binding to its specific targets or catalyzing reactions.

Question 13

Which of the following is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 14

Which molecule is the main energy currency of the cell and is produced by adding a phosphate group to ADP?

Accepted Answer

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double helix composed of two long chains of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between bases.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of dehydration synthesis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids, releasing a water molecule.

Question 17

Which of the following is a physiological role of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage in the form of glycogen in liver and muscle cells.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between fibrous and globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous proteins provide structural support, while globular proteins are involved in transport, catalysis, and regulation.

Question 19

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – Amino acid

Question 20

A scientist is studying a molecule with a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group. What type of macromolecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Organic Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

Study Guide - Practice Questions