$$ATP + H_2O \rightarrow ADP + P_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which property makes carbon atoms uniquely suited to form the backbone of organic molecules in living systems?

Accepted Answer

Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing electrons, allowing for complex molecular structures.

Question 2

During the formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides, which chemical process occurs and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is released

Question 3

Which formula represents the general structure of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$(CH_2O)_n$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a structural carbohydrate found in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 5

What distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single covalent bonds between carbons, allowing them to pack closely and form solids.

Question 6

Which lipid is a major component of cell membranes and has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids. Which health risk is most directly associated with this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of heart disease

Question 8

Which protein structure level is directly responsible for the unique three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 9

What happens to an enzyme when it is exposed to extreme heat or acidic conditions?

Accepted Answer

It denatures, losing its functional three-dimensional shape.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the action of an enzyme in a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme adds a water molecule to break a covalent bond between monomers.

Question 11

Which nucleic acid is single-stranded, contains ribose, and uses uracil instead of thymine?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Question 12

What is the correct base pairing rule for DNA?

Accepted Answer

A-T, G-C

Question 13

Which molecule directly powers most cellular reactions and is formed by the breakdown of glucose?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 14

What is the result of removing the terminal phosphate group from ATP?

Accepted Answer

Formation of ADP and release of energy

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP + H_2O ightarrow ADP + P_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 16

A patient with acidosis has a blood pH below normal. How might this affect enzyme activity in the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity will decrease as enzymes may denature at low pH.

Question 17

Which of the following is a polymer formed by dehydration synthesis of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 18

Which protein is responsible for mechanical support and is the most abundant in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The presence of double bonds causes kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Organic Molecules and Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Synthesis in Human Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions