Question 1

A 7-year-old boy presents with a limp and intermittent hip pain. On examination, you note decreased range of motion and muscle atrophy in the affected leg. Radiographs reveal fragmentation and sclerosis of the femoral head. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Question 2

Which of the following laboratory findings is most characteristic of rhabdomyolysis in children?

Accepted Answer

Elevated creatine kinase (CK)

Question 3

A 13-year-old obese boy presents with acute onset of hip pain and inability to bear weight. Physical exam reveals limited internal rotation of the hip. What is the most appropriate initial management?

Accepted Answer

Non-weight-bearing and urgent orthopedic referral

Question 4

Which of the following is the most common causative organism in pediatric osteomyelitis?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 5

A 5-year-old presents with fever, joint pain, and swelling of the knee. Synovial fluid analysis reveals a white blood cell count greater than $$50,000/\mu L. $$What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Septic Arthritis

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Accepted Answer

Chronic inflammation due to immune complex deposition

Question 7

A 2-year-old girl presents with a limp and refusal to bear weight. She had an upper respiratory infection one week ago. Her temperature is normal, and laboratory studies are unremarkable. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Toxic Synovitis

Question 8

Which of the following is a key distinguishing feature between primary and secondary immunodeficiencies?

Accepted Answer

Secondary immunodeficiencies are due to external factors such as infections or medications

Question 9

A 4-year-old child presents with fever, irritability, and a limp. Laboratory studies show elevated ESR and CRP. Imaging reveals metaphyseal lucency in the femur. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Osteomyelitis

Question 10

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for a child diagnosed with Kawasaki Disease?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin

Question 11

A 6-month-old infant is diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?

Accepted Answer

Pavlik harness

Question 12

Which of the following findings is most characteristic of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent infections

Question 13

A 10-year-old girl presents with a malar rash, joint pain, and proteinuria. Laboratory studies reveal positive anti-dsDNA antibodies. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Question 14

Which of the following is the most common presenting symptom of allergic rhinitis in children?

Accepted Answer

Nasal congestion and sneezing

Question 15

A 12-year-old boy presents with fever, weight loss, and hypertension. Laboratory studies reveal elevated inflammatory markers and angiography shows aneurysms in medium-sized arteries. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Polyarteritis Nodosa

Question 16

Which of the following is a classic clinical finding in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Accepted Answer

Gower's sign

Question 17

A child with a history of sickle cell disease presents with muscle pain, dark urine, and elevated creatine kinase. What is the most likely complication to monitor for?

Accepted Answer

Acute renal failure

Question 18

Which of the following is the gold standard for diagnosing vasculitis affecting large vessels such as Takayasu arteritis?

Accepted Answer

MRI angiography

Question 19

A 15-year-old girl presents with progressive spinal curvature and uneven shoulders. Which imaging modality is most appropriate for initial evaluation?

Accepted Answer

AP and lateral spine X-rays

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why prompt antibiotic therapy is critical in septic arthritis?

Accepted Answer

To prevent joint destruction and long-term disability

Pediatric Musculoskeletal, Immunologic/Autoimmune, & Rheumatologic Disorders: Structured Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards