Question 1

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the contraction of muscles involved in swallowing, taste, and abdominal viscera, and is classified as a mixed nerve?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and difficulty in facial expressions. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the optic nerve?

Accepted Answer

Carries visual information from the retina to the brain

Question 4

The crossed extensor reflex is classified as which type of reflex?

Accepted Answer

Polysynaptic reflex

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of spinal nerves and spinal segments?

Accepted Answer

$N_{spinal\ nerves} = N_{spinal\ segments}$

Question 6

A patient has difficulty with lateral movement of the eye. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Abducens nerve

Question 7

Which type of sensory receptor responds to changes in the internal environment, such as blood pressure or pH?

Accepted Answer

Interoceptors

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the simple stretch reflex?

Accepted Answer

It regulates skeletal muscles to shorten to their optimal length

Question 9

If a person steps on a sharp object and immediately withdraws their foot while the opposite leg straightens to support their weight, which reflexes are involved?

Accepted Answer

Flexor reflex and crossed extensor reflex

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the ramus communicans in spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

Carries autonomic signals from the CNS to organs

Question 11

Which equation best represents the calculation of total sensory input to the CNS from spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

$I_{total} = \sum_{i=1}^{N} S_{i}$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the trigeminal nerve?

Accepted Answer

Controls taste sensation in the posterior third of the tongue

Question 13

Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting changes in temperature?

Accepted Answer

Thermoreceptor

Question 14

A patient is unable to taste and swallow properly. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of encapsulated nerve endings?

Accepted Answer

They are surrounded by specialized supportive cells

Question 16

Which equation represents the calculation of the total number of cranial nerves attached to the brain and brainstem?

Accepted Answer

$N_{cranial\ nerves} = 12$

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the hypoglossal nerve?

Accepted Answer

Controls tongue movement

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the tendon reflex?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a feedback mechanism to control muscle contraction by causing relaxation

Question 19

Which type of neuron carries sensory information from the periphery to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neuron

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the CNS in processing sensory information?

Accepted Answer

It interprets the information and forms a response

Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System: Structure and Function

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