Question 1

Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is responsible for carrying sensory signals from internal organs to the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Visceral Sensory Division

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the skin over the deltoid muscle and weakness in shoulder abduction. Which nerve of the brachial plexus is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve

Question 3

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (II)

Question 4

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Fight or flight

Question 5

Which connective tissue sheath surrounds each individual axon within a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 6

A patient with trigeminal neuralgia experiences intense facial pain triggered by light touch. Which cranial nerve is involved in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Trigeminal nerve (V)

Question 7

Which type of sensory receptor is responsible for detecting high-frequency vibratory stimuli and deep pressure?

Accepted Answer

Lamellated corpuscles

Question 8

If a person cannot abduct their eye laterally, which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Abducens nerve (VI)

Question 9

Which nerve supplies the diaphragm and is essential for breathing?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve

Question 10

What is the correct sequence for the flow of sensory information from detection to response in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptor → CNS → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 11

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and facial muscle movement?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 12

Which type of sensory neuron axon conducts action potentials the fastest?

Accepted Answer

Large diameter, thick myelin

Question 13

A patient has difficulty swallowing and loss of taste sensation in the posterior third of the tongue. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 14

Which reflex protects muscles and tendons from damage by causing relaxation when tension increases dramatically?

Accepted Answer

Golgi tendon reflex

Question 15

Which equation best represents the threshold for action potential generation in a sensory neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{m} \geq V_{threshold}$$

Question 16

Which nerve of the lumbar plexus is responsible for sensory innervation of the anterior thigh and motor innervation of the quadriceps femoris?

Accepted Answer

Femoral nerve

Question 17

Which type of sensory receptor is most likely to be activated by capsaicin, the chemical in hot peppers?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptor

Question 18

A patient presents with paralysis of facial muscles and loss of taste sensation. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Bell's palsy

Question 19

Which cranial nerve is involved in the corneal blink reflex, providing sensory input from the cornea?

Accepted Answer

Trigeminal nerve (V)

Question 20

Which equation describes the relationship between the number of spinal nerve pairs and their regions?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{total} = N_{cervical} + N_{thoracic} + N_{lumbar} + N_{sacral} + N_{coccygeal}$$

Peripheral Nervous System and Cranial Nerves: Structure and Function

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