Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between sensation and perception in the context of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensation is the detection of changes in the environment, while perception is the conscious interpretation of those stimuli.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of pain and temperature sensation in the right hand but retains touch and pressure sensation. Which receptor types are most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptors and thermoreceptors

Question 3

Which of the following cranial nerves has no motor function?

Accepted Answer

II Optic

Question 4

A person steps on a sharp object and immediately withdraws their foot. Which reflex and pathway are primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Flexor reflex; receptor → sensory neuron → integration center → motor neuron → effector

Question 5

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds individual axons and their myelin sheaths within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 6

If the cell body of a damaged peripheral neuron remains intact, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The axon will regenerate with the help of Schwann cells.

Question 7

Which nerve is the major motor and sensory nerve of the diaphragm, and damage to it can result in respiratory failure?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve

Question 8

A patient has difficulty abducting their arm and experiences numbness over the deltoid region. Which nerve of the brachial plexus is most likely injured?

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of a muscle spindle?

Accepted Answer

Detects changes in muscle length and the rate of that change

Question 10

Which neurotransmitters are released by varicosities at smooth muscle, and what is their mode of action?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine; act via second-messenger systems

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the organization of spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal and ventral roots fuse to form spinal nerves, which exit the vertebral column via the intervertebral foramina.

Question 12

A patient presents with loss of sensation and movement in the anterior thigh and medial leg. Which nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Femoral nerve

Question 13

Which of the following best describes Hilton’s Law?

Accepted Answer

A nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their attachments.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the precommand level of motor control?

Accepted Answer

Planning and initiating voluntary movements

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a phasic (fast-adapting) receptor?

Accepted Answer

Detects the onset or offset of a stimulus

Question 16

Which cranial nerves are involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

III, VII, IX, X

Question 17

A patient exhibits a positive Babinski’s sign. What does this indicate about their nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Damage to the corticospinal tract or upper motor neuron lesion

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi tendon organ?

Accepted Answer

Detects tension in tendons to prevent excessive muscle contraction

Question 19

Which nerve is the longest and thickest in the body, innervating the hamstrings and most muscles in the leg and foot?

Accepted Answer

Sciatic nerve

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a central pattern generator (CPG)?

Accepted Answer

A network of neurons in the spinal cord that produces rhythmic motor patterns such as walking

Peripheral Nervous System & Reflexes Study Guide (ANP)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards