Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the phrenic nerve, which arises from the cervical plexus?

Accepted Answer

It innervates the diaphragm, controlling breathing.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the lateral forearm and weakness in elbow flexion. Which nerve from the brachial plexus is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 3

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (CN II)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic fibers are long and postganglionic fibers are short.

Question 5

Which of the following sensory receptors does NOT adapt to a constant stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptors

Question 6

A person with myopia has difficulty seeing distant objects clearly. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

The eyeball is too long, causing light to focus in front of the retina.

Question 7

Which equation best represents the relationship between hormone concentration and receptor response in up-regulation?

Accepted Answer

$$R = k 	imes [H] 	imes n$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between long and short visceral reflexes in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Long reflexes involve the CNS, while short reflexes bypass the CNS and occur entirely within the autonomic ganglia.

Question 9

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels by increasing glucose uptake in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 10

Which of the following is a plausible reason why lower amounts of an amino-acid derived hormone can still be effective, but not for a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Amino-acid derived hormones use second messengers, amplifying their effect.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes reciprocal inhibition during a spinal reflex?

Accepted Answer

Activation of agonist muscles and simultaneous inhibition of antagonist muscles.

Question 12

Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance, and what is its number?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a mechanoreceptor?

Accepted Answer

Pacinian corpuscle

Question 14

Which equation best represents the refraction of light in the eye, where $$n is $$the refractive index and $$	heta is $$the angle of incidence?

Accepted Answer

$$n_1$$ \sin \$$theta_1$$ = $$n_2$$ \sin \$$theta_2$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic tone on blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

It maintains partial constriction of blood vessels, regulating blood pressure.

Question 16

Which of the following is a tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypophyseal portal system?

Accepted Answer

It transports hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 19

A patient with hypersecretion of cortisol is likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of hormone secretion regulated by neural stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla during stress

Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System, and Endocrine System: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards