Question 1

Which of the following best defines a sensory receptor?

Accepted Answer

A specialized cell or structure that detects changes in the environment and converts them into neural signals.

Question 2

Which of the following is a key difference between general senses and special senses?

Accepted Answer

General senses are widely distributed throughout the body, while special senses are localized to specific organs.

Question 3

A mechanoreceptor is best classified based on which of the following criteria?

Accepted Answer

Its response to mechanical forces such as pressure or vibration.

Question 4

Which of the following factors would most likely increase the strength of a sensation perceived by the brain?

Accepted Answer

An increase in the intensity of the stimulus, leading to a higher frequency of action potentials.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of a typical nerve?

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons (nerve fibers) enclosed by connective tissue layers: endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium.

Question 6

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for vision?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (CN II)

Question 7

A patient presents with loss of sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and difficulty with facial expressions. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 8

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron axons only

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches a spinal nerve plexus with a major nerve that originates from it?

Accepted Answer

Brachial plexus – median nerve

Question 10

How many pairs of spinal nerves are found in the human body, and how are they distributed by region?

Accepted Answer

31 pairs: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

Question 11

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that damages the ventral root of a spinal nerve. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of motor commands from the CNS to skeletal muscles

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the phrenic nerve?

Accepted Answer

It innervates the diaphragm and is essential for breathing.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a chemoreceptor?

Accepted Answer

A receptor in the nose that detects odor molecules.

Question 14

If a person has damage to the median nerve, which of the following symptoms would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty flexing the wrist and fingers

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between stimulus intensity and action potential frequency in a sensory neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$f = k 	imes I$$

Question 16

A person is unable to shrug their shoulders or turn their head against resistance. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the rami of a spinal nerve?

Accepted Answer

Branches of a spinal nerve that carry both sensory and motor information to and from specific regions of the body.

Question 18

Which spinal nerve plexus is formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves L1-L4, and which major nerve arises from it?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar plexus; femoral nerve

Question 19

A patient is unable to extend their knee and has lost sensation over the anterior thigh. Which nerve and plexus are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Femoral nerve; lumbar plexus

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of cranial nerve and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) – facial sensation and chewing

Peripheral Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Organization

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