Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the somatic sensory division and the visceral sensory division of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The somatic sensory division detects stimuli from skin, muscles, and joints, while the visceral sensory division detects stimuli from internal organs.

Question 2

A peripheral nerve is composed of several layers. Which of the following correctly matches the structure to its function?

Accepted Answer

The epineurium surrounds the entire nerve.

Question 3

A patient presents with loss of sensation in a specific region of skin. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Posterior root ganglion

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a mixed nerve?

Accepted Answer

A nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers

Question 5

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body, and how are they grouped?

Accepted Answer

31 pairs; grouped as cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (1)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of mechanoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

Detect physical deformation such as touch, pressure, and vibration

Question 7

A dermatome is clinically useful for:

Accepted Answer

Diagnosing the location of a spinal cord injury based on sensory loss in a specific skin region

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a sensation from detection in the PNS to delivery to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus → Sensory receptor → Sensory neuron → Spinal nerve → CNS

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding rapidly adapting and slowly adapting sensory receptors?

Accepted Answer

Rapidly adapting receptors respond quickly and stop firing even if the stimulus is still present.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes referred pain?

Accepted Answer

Pain that is felt in a different area from where the stimulus originates, often due to shared neural pathways

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons?

Accepted Answer

Upper motor neurons originate in the CNS and synapse on lower motor neurons, which directly innervate skeletal muscles.

Question 12

A stretch reflex, such as the patellar reflex, is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A reflex that causes a muscle to contract in response to being stretched

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the flexion (withdrawal) reflex and the crossed-extensor reflex?

Accepted Answer

The flexion reflex causes withdrawal of a limb from a painful stimulus, while the crossed-extensor reflex causes extension of the opposite limb to support the body.

Question 14

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of spinal nerve pairs ($$N) $$and the sum of the pairs in each group ($$C$$ for cervical, $$T$$ for thoracic, $$L$$ for lumbar, $$S$$ for sacral, $$Co$$ for coccygeal)?

Accepted Answer

$$N = C + T + L + S + Co$$

Question 15

A patient has lost motor function in the muscles innervated by the anterior ramus of a spinal nerve. Which pathway is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Motor pathway to the muscles of the limbs and anterior trunk

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of proprioceptors?

Accepted Answer

Detect the position and movement of the body

Question 17

Which structure is responsible for transmitting motor information from the CNS to the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Anterior root

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of encapsulated nerve endings?

Accepted Answer

They are surrounded by connective tissue and are specialized for detecting touch and pressure.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the sympathetic ganglion?

Accepted Answer

It contains cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons involved in the 'fight or flight' response.

Question 20

A patient is unable to feel pain in their left arm after a spinal cord injury. Which type of receptor is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptor

Peripheral Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Integration (BIO 168 Chapter 13 Study Guide)

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