Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between internal and external body surfaces?

Accepted Answer

External body surfaces are continuous with the external environment, while internal surfaces can only be accessed from internal body fluid or by transport across an external face membrane.

Question 2

A cell membrane is described as a selectively permeable barrier. Which of the following molecules can freely diffuse through the cell membrane without assistance?

Accepted Answer

Lipid soluble molecules

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging synthesized proteins into transport vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

A patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which of the following could be a possible cause?

Accepted Answer

Excessive loss of bicarbonate from the intestine

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Childbirth contractions

Question 6

The surface of a cell membrane facing the lumen of a hollow structure is called the:

Accepted Answer

Apical or luminal face

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the concept of mass balance in physiology?

Accepted Answer

Any gain of a substance must be offset by an equal loss for the amount to remain constant.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 9

Feedforward reflexes differ from negative feedback loops in that feedforward reflexes:

Accepted Answer

Anticipate the need for a change before the change actually occurs.

Question 10

Which of the following variables is most closely regulated by the body to maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Water balance, pH, and temperature

Question 11

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. Which process is responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of membrane carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

They serve as signal or recognition molecules when conjugated to proteins or lipids.

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for digesting endocytosed molecules and damaged cell parts?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 14

Which of the following statements about water-soluble molecules and the cell membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble molecules require channels or carriers to cross the membrane.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the peroxisome?

Accepted Answer

Digesting fatty acids and foreign molecules

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of epithelial membranes in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

They are close-packed to create a continuous layer that limits movement between compartments.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the direction of reversible chemical reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Reactions will progress in the direction that favors even distribution of reactants and products.

Question 18

Which of the following is a priority for water balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining proper solute concentration of body fluids

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

They mediate specific interactions between the cell and the extracellular environment.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the basic structure of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is made up of phospholipids interspersed with cholesterol, leading to overall lipid quality.

Physiological Systems, Biological Membranes, and Homeostasis: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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