Question 1

Which of the following changes would most effectively decrease peripheral resistance in a blood vessel?

Accepted Answer

Increasing vessel diameter

Question 2

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(120 - 80) = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(40) = 80 + 13.3 = 93.3 mm Hg$$

Question 3

Which of the following is the primary determinant of peripheral resistance in the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Blood vessel diameter

Question 4

If the radius of a blood vessel doubles, how does the resistance to blood flow change?

Accepted Answer

Resistance decreases to 1/16th of its original value

Question 5

Which hormone acts to decrease blood pressure by antagonizing aldosterone and causing decreased blood volume?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 6

A patient stands up quickly and experiences dizziness due to a temporary drop in blood pressure. Which reflex is responsible for restoring blood pressure in this situation?

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptor reflex

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the relationship between blood flow (F), pressure gradient ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance (R)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \Delta P / R$$

Question 8

Which site is most commonly used to measure the pulse in clinical practice?

Accepted Answer

Radial artery

Question 9

What is the effect of increased blood viscosity on blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow decreases

Question 10

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for long-term regulation of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Renal regulation via direct and indirect mechanisms

Question 11

A patient with chronic hypertension is most likely to have which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of stroke and heart failure

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a factor that directly increases mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood volume

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why small-diameter arterioles are major determinants of peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

Their radius changes frequently, greatly affecting resistance

Question 14

During exercise, which neural control mechanism helps redistribute blood flow to active muscles?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic control

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely cause vascular shock?

Accepted Answer

Extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance

Question 16

Which hormone is released from the adrenal medulla and increases cardiac output and vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 17

A patient with Addison's disease is most likely to experience which blood pressure abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Chronic hypotension

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence for measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer?

Accepted Answer

Wrap cuff, increase pressure above systolic, release pressure, listen for Korotkoff sounds

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct renal mechanism for regulating blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Altering blood volume independently of hormones

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely result in turbulent blood flow and increased resistance?

Accepted Answer

Abrupt changes in vessel diameter due to atherosclerotic plaques

Physiology of Circulation: Flow, Pressure, Resistance, and Blood Pressure Regulation

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