Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of molarity ($M$) for a solution?

$M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{volume of solution (L)}}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins

Question 2

What property of phospholipids allows them to form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

They are amphipathic, having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Acting as transporters, receptors, and enzymes

Question 4

A cell is placed in a solution containing 400 mOsm non-penetrating solutes. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink due to water efflux

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of molarity ($M$) for a solution?

Accepted Answer

$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{volume of solution (L)}}$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is important in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity and stability

Question 7

Which type of membrane transport requires ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

A patient receives an intravenous solution of 0.9% NaCl. What is the tonicity of this solution relative to human cells?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic

Question 9

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 10

Which factor does NOT affect the rate of diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Number of mitochondria in the cell

Question 11

A cell is placed in a solution with 200 mOsm non-penetrating solutes. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell due to water gain

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires carrier or channel proteins

Question 13

What is the main function of the glycocalyx on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

To act as a biological marker for cell recognition

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of tight junctions between cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent leakage of extracellular fluid between adjacent cells

Question 15

Which equation best represents osmolarity ($Osm$) for a solution containing $n$ solute particles per liter?

Accepted Answer

$Osm = 	ext{total number of solute particles per liter}$

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of placing a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink due to water loss

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Membrane proteins can move laterally within the lipid bilayer

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the difference between isotonic and iso-osmotic solutions?

Accepted Answer

Iso-osmotic refers to total solute concentration, isotonic refers only to non-penetrating solutes

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 20

A cell is placed in a solution containing 300 mOsm of penetrating solutes and 300 mOsm of non-penetrating solutes. What is the osmolarity and tonicity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

600 mOsm, isotonic (since only non-penetrating solutes determine tonicity)

Plasma Membrane Structure, Transport Mechanisms, and Osmosis in Anatomy & Physiology

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