$$\text{Gestation period (days)} = \text{Date of birth} - \text{Date of LMP}$$

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum and preventing menstruation during early pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 2

During fertilization, which process enables sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida of the oocyte?

Accepted Answer

Acrosomal reaction

Question 3

A patient presents with increased urination and morning sickness during pregnancy. Which physiological change best explains the increased urination?

Accepted Answer

Increased fetal waste removal

Question 4

Which extraembryonic membrane is responsible for forming the basis of the umbilical cord?

Accepted Answer

Allantois

Question 5

If the zona inhibiting proteins are not released after fertilization, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Polyspermy

Question 6

Which stage of labor is characterized by the delivery of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Placental stage

Question 7

A blastocyst consists of which two main cell populations?

Accepted Answer

Trophoblast and inner cell mass

Question 8

Which placental hormone increases maternal metabolism and supports fetal growth?

Accepted Answer

Human placental lactogen (hPL)

Question 9

During gastrulation, which germ layer gives rise to the digestive tract and respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Endoderm

Question 10

A newborn receives an Apgar score of 6 at 1 minute and 8 at 5 minutes. Which of the following best describes the clinical significance?

Accepted Answer

The newborn showed initial distress but improved rapidly.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of prostaglandins and oxytocin during labor?

Accepted Answer

They promote uterine contractions and cervical softening.

Question 12

If a sperm cell fails to undergo capacitation, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

It will be unable to penetrate the zona pellucida.

Question 13

Which equation best represents the calculation of gestation period in days, given the last menstrual period (LMP)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Gestation period (days)} = 	ext{Date of birth} - 	ext{Date of LMP}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct function of the amniotic fluid?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a shock absorber for the fetus

Question 15

A patient in labor is experiencing strong uterine contractions and has reached 10 cm cervical dilation. Which stage of labor is she in?

Accepted Answer

Expulsion stage

Question 16

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Human placental lactogen (hPL)

Question 17

During pre-embryonic development, which process involves rapid mitotic divisions resulting in smaller cells?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage

Question 18

Which maternal anatomical change during pregnancy is most likely to result in heartburn?

Accepted Answer

Expansion of the abdominal cavity

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of relaxin during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Relaxes pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis

Question 20

A researcher is studying the fetal period (weeks 9–38). Which of the following events is most characteristic of this period?

Accepted Answer

Organ systems grow and mature

Pregnancy & Human Development: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions