Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrink (crenate)

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy $$E_a$$ required for a chemical reaction

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of fibrous (structural) proteins?

Accepted Answer

Providing mechanical support and tensile strength

Question 5

A protein is exposed to a high temperature, causing it to lose its 3D structure and function. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why a change in pH can deactivate an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

It disrupts hydrogen and ionic bonds, altering the enzyme's active site

Question 7

Which of the following molecules can passively diffuse through the plasma membrane without assistance?

Accepted Answer

Small, nonpolar molecules such as $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. What type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

A hypotonic solution

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement and interaction of multiple polypeptide chains

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the plasma membrane's structure?

Accepted Answer

It is a fluid mosaic composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions between cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow the passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

It provides immediate, usable energy for cellular work

Question 14

A solution has an osmolarity of $$300 	ext{ mOsm/L}$$, and a cell with an internal osmolarity of $$250 	ext{ mOsm/L} is $$placed in it. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of globular (functional) proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are generally water-soluble and sensitive to environmental changes

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the enzyme's active site matches only specific substrates

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 18

A mutation causes a change in the primary structure of a protein. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected as a result?

Accepted Answer

All levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It transports specific polar molecules such as glucose across the membrane without using energy

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the denaturation of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It is often irreversible if the changes in pH or temperature are extreme

Proteins: Structure, Function, and Biochemistry in Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards