Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between proteins and carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are composed of amino acids containing nitrogen, while carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides without nitrogen.

Question 2

A patient with severe swelling of the feet and abdomen, poor skin health, and low muscle mass is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a complete protein source?

Accepted Answer

Egg whites

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, translation, folding

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why proteins are more structurally complex than lipids?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have up to four levels of structure due to the variety of amino acid side chains.

Question 6

A vegan athlete wants to ensure they get all essential amino acids. Which strategy is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Eat complementary plant-based protein sources throughout the day.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a cause of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Low temperature

Question 8

Calculate the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein for a 70 kg adult. Use the formula: $$ (Weight\ in\ kg) 	imes 0.8\ g/kg $$

Accepted Answer

$$ 56\ g $$

Question 9

Which protein is most responsible for maintaining fluid balance in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 10

Which of the following statements about protein digestion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

Question 11

A person consumes a diet where protein intake equals protein excretion. What is this state called?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen balance

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the fate of excess dietary protein in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is broken down and the carbon skeletons are used for energy or stored as fat.

Question 14

Which of the following is a risk associated with long-term high-protein diets?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

They must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

Question 16

Which protein structure level is directly affected during denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 17

A patient recovering from surgery is in need of tissue regeneration. Which protein is most involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)?

Accepted Answer

A measure of protein quality based on amino acid content and digestibility

Question 19

Which of the following is a likely outcome if the body does not receive enough high-quality protein?

Accepted Answer

Impaired immune function and muscle wasting

Question 20

Which of the following statements about protein and exercise is supported by scientific evidence?

Accepted Answer

Protein or amino acid supplements do not enhance exercise performance more than protein from foods.

Proteins: Structure, Function, and Nutrition

Study Guide - Practice Questions