Q: Which of the following equations best represents the graded potential ($$V_{GP}) $$generated at the receptor in response to a stimulus?

$$V_{GP} = I_{stim} \times R_{mem}$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of components in a typical reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 2

A patient touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which type of reflex is this, and what is the minimum number of synapses involved?

Accepted Answer

Polysynaptic; at least two synapses

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the integration center in a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

It processes sensory information and determines the motor response.

Question 4

Which reflex type is genetically determined and present at birth?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic (innate) reflex

Question 5

A physician tests the patellar (knee-jerk) reflex. Which of the following best describes this reflex?

Accepted Answer

Monosynaptic, somatic, spinal, intrinsic

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the effector in a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

It is a muscle fiber or gland that responds to the motor neuron’s signal.

Question 7

Which term describes a reflex in which the sensory and motor neurons are on opposite sides of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Contralateral reflex

Question 8

A withdrawal reflex involves multiple segments of the spinal cord. What is the correct term for this type of reflex?

Accepted Answer

Intersegmental reflex

Question 9

Which of the following equations best represents the graded potential ($$V_{GP}) $$generated at the receptor in response to a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{GP} = I_{stim} 	imes R_{mem}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a learned (acquired) reflex?

Accepted Answer

Braking a car when a traffic light turns red

Question 11

Which of the following best distinguishes a somatic reflex from an autonomic reflex?

Accepted Answer

Somatic reflexes control skeletal muscle contraction; autonomic reflexes control smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands.

Question 12

A patient’s reflex response is processed in the brain rather than the spinal cord. Which type of reflex is this?

Accepted Answer

Cranial reflex

Question 13

Which of the following statements about monosynaptic reflexes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They involve a direct synapse between sensory and motor neurons.

Question 14

If a reflex arc is described as ipsilateral, what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The sensory and motor neurons are on the same side of the spinal cord.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons in a polysynaptic reflex?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons.

Question 16

A patient’s Achilles tendon reflex is absent. Which component of the reflex arc is MOST likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Effector (muscle fiber)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a reflex?

Accepted Answer

Requires conscious thought to occur

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of synapses ($$n) $$and the speed of a reflex response ($$v$$), assuming each synapse introduces a delay $$d$$?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \frac{1}{n 	imes d}$$

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a contralateral reflex?

Accepted Answer

Stepping on a sharp object with the right foot causes the left leg to extend to support the body.

Reflexes: Structure, Function, and Classification

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