Q: Which of the following is a correct equation for energy balance in the human body?

$$\text{Energy input} = \text{Work (40\%)} + \text{Heat released (60\%)}$$

Q: A person consumes more calories than they expend over several months. Which of the following equations best represents the energy stored in their body?

$$\text{Energy stored} = \text{Energy intake} - \text{Energy output}$$

Q: Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating metabolic rate (MR)?

$$\text{MR} = \text{BMR} + \text{additional energy expenditure}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolism and catabolism in whole-body metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism is the synthesis of large molecules from smaller ones, often requiring energy, while catabolism is the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct equation for energy balance in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Energy input} = 	ext{Work (40\%)} + 	ext{Heat released (60\%)}$$

Question 3

A patient is in negative energy balance. Which of the following best describes what is happening in their body?

Accepted Answer

Energy intake is less than energy output, so the body uses stored energy from adipose tissue, resulting in weight loss.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about basal metabolic rate (BMR) is correct?

Accepted Answer

BMR is measured when a person is awake, resting, lying down, fasted for 12 hours, and in a thermoneutral environment.

Question 5

Which process describes the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage in the liver and skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 6

During cellular respiration, which of the following is produced from the oxidation of glucose?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$ and energy

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why metabolic rate (MR) increases with muscle activity?

Accepted Answer

Muscle activity increases the energy demand for mechanical work, thus increasing total energy expenditure.

Question 8

A person consumes more calories than they expend over several months. Which of the following equations best represents the energy stored in their body?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Energy stored} = 	ext{Energy intake} - 	ext{Energy output}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of proteins after absorption and transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They are used for protein synthesis, cellular respiration (proteolysis), and can be converted to urea in the liver.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the fate of absorbed lipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They are transported as lipoproteins, broken down by lipoprotein lipase into fatty acids and monoglycerides, and stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue.

Question 11

Which of the following factors does NOT directly influence basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Muscle activity during exercise

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating metabolic rate (MR)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{MR} = 	ext{BMR} + 	ext{additional energy expenditure}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the endocrine system in energy balance?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the nutrient pool and storage, making energy available to cells as needed.

Question 14

A person is fasting for 24 hours. Which metabolic process is most likely to be increased?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of nutrients after absorption?

Accepted Answer

Excreted immediately without any processing

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in a positive energy balance?

Accepted Answer

A person consumes more calories than they expend, leading to increased adipose tissue storage.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of lipolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol for energy production

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of cellular work in the context of energy balance?

Accepted Answer

Cellular work includes mechanical, chemical, and transport work, all requiring energy.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about nutrient transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are absorbed as amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides, and circulate in the blood as amino acids.

Question 20

A person’s metabolic rate increases after moving from a warm room to a cold environment. Which factor is most responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Environmental temperature

Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth by the Endocrine System

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