Question 1

Which of the following best describes the filtration fraction in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of plasma that enters the Bowman's capsule and is filtered from the total plasma entering the glomerulus

Question 2

Given a cardiac output of 5 L/min, kidneys receiving 20% of cardiac output, and 60% of blood being plasma, how much plasma is filtered per minute if the filtration fraction is 20%?

Accepted Answer

$$0.125 	ext{ L/min}$$

Question 3

Which component of the renal corpuscle acts as the primary barrier to plasma proteins during filtration?

Accepted Answer

Basal lamina (extracellular matrix)

Question 4

Which pressure most directly opposes glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

Colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure of the blood

Question 5

Calculate the net filtration pressure ($$P_{net}) if $$the following values are given: $$P_{GC} = 55 mm Hg$$, $$\pi_{GC} = 30 mm Hg$$, $$P_{BC} = 15 mm Hg.$$

Accepted Answer

$$P_{net} = 10 mm Hg$$

Question 6

Which of the following would most likely increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

Dilation of the afferent arteriole

Question 7

What is the primary mechanism by which the myogenic response regulates GFR?

Accepted Answer

Contraction of vascular smooth muscle in response to stretch

Question 8

Tubuloglomerular feedback involves which structure sensing changes in NaCl concentration?

Accepted Answer

Macula densa cells

Question 9

Which hormone acts as a potent vasoconstrictor to decrease GFR during severe dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II

Question 10

A patient experiences a sharp drop in blood pressure due to hemorrhage. Which mechanism will most likely override local GFR regulation?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system activation

Question 11

Which of the following changes would decrease the filtration coefficient and thus lower GFR?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of mesangial cells

Question 12

If the afferent arteriole constricts while the efferent arteriole remains unchanged, what happens to GFR and renal blood flow (RBF)?

Accepted Answer

GFR decreases, RBF decreases

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why GFR remains relatively constant over a wide range of blood pressures?

Accepted Answer

Autoregulation by afferent arterioles and tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely occur if the filtration barrier permeability increased significantly?

Accepted Answer

More plasma proteins would appear in the filtrate

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Increased filtration coefficient

Question 16

A drug that selectively dilates the efferent arteriole would have what effect on GFR?

Accepted Answer

Decrease GFR

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of podocytes in glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

They form filtration slits that determine permeability of the filtration barrier

Question 18

If the net filtration pressure in the glomerulus drops to zero, what will happen to urine formation?

Accepted Answer

Urine formation will stop

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely result from increased contraction of mesangial cells?

Accepted Answer

Decreased GFR

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct effect of prostaglandins on the renal arterioles?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation

Renal 2 - Jan 30 (end of midterm 1 content)

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