Question 1

Which of the following best describes the chromosomal composition of a human sperm cell?

Accepted Answer

23 chromosomes, including either an X or a Y chromosome

Question 2

What is the primary function of Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Support sperm production and form the blood-testes barrier

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating gametogenesis in both males and females?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 4

A genetic mutation prevents the production of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in a male embryo. What is the most likely developmental outcome?

Accepted Answer

Development of both male and female internal reproductive structures

Question 5

Which of the following events occurs during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the corpus luteum and secretion of progesterone

Question 6

Which structure in the female reproductive system is the typical site of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tube

Question 7

What is the role of aromatase in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Converts androgens to estrogens

Question 8

A patient presents with undescended testes (cryptorchidism). What is a likely consequence if this condition is not corrected?

Accepted Answer

Reduced fertility due to impaired spermatogenesis

Question 9

Which feedback mechanism is responsible for the LH surge that triggers ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback of high estrogen levels on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Question 10

During which phase of the uterine cycle does the endometrial lining thicken in preparation for possible implantation?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative phase

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why only one sperm fertilizes an egg during normal human reproduction?

Accepted Answer

The cortical reaction blocks polyspermy after the first sperm fuses with the egg

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum and is essential for maintaining the early stages of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 13

A female patient has a mutation that prevents the production of DHT (dihydrotestosterone). What is the most likely effect on her development?

Accepted Answer

Development of female external genitalia

Question 14

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic influenced by androgens in males?

Accepted Answer

Growth of facial and body hair

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference in gametogenesis between males and females?

Accepted Answer

Males produce new sperm continuously after puberty, while females are born with all their eggs

Question 16

Which structure forms the placenta during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Chorion

Question 17

Which hormone is directly responsible for the thickening of cervical mucus during the luteal phase?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 18

A patient has a deficiency in kisspeptin production. Which process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

GnRH secretion and onset of puberty

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of inhibins in the reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Inhibit FSH secretion

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosomal content of a human zygote?

Accepted Answer

$$ 44 + XX  or$$ $$ 44 + XY $$

Reproduction and Development: Human Physiology Chapter 26 Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions