Q: Which of the following is a correct calculation for minute ventilation ($$V_M) $$given a tidal volume ($$V_T) of 500 mL $$and a respiratory rate ($$f) of 12 $$breaths per minute?

$$V_M = V_T \times f = 500 \text{ mL} \times 12 = 6000 \text{ mL/min}$$

Q: Which equation represents the chemical reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells?

$$\text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \leftrightarrow \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 \leftrightarrow \text{H}^+ + \text{HCO}_3^-$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of central chemoreceptors in respiratory physiology?

Accepted Answer

They monitor cerebrospinal fluid pH, responding primarily to changes in arterial PCO2.

Question 2

During inspiration, which of the following pressure changes occurs in the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Intrapleural pressure becomes more negative relative to atmospheric pressure.

Question 3

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is likely to have which of the following changes in airway resistance, according to the equation $$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$?

Accepted Answer

Increased resistance, resulting in decreased airflow for a given pressure difference.

Question 4

Which of the following best defines the ventilation-perfusion ratio?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of airflow in the alveoli to blood flow in the pulmonary capillaries.

Question 5

According to Boyle's law, what happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume of its container is halved, assuming temperature remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Pressure is doubled.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct calculation for minute ventilation ($$V_M) $$given a tidal volume ($$V_T) of 500 mL $$and a respiratory rate ($$f) of 12 $$breaths per minute?

Accepted Answer

$$V_M = V_T 	imes f = 500 	ext{ mL} 	imes 12 = 6000 	ext{ mL/min}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the effect of a rightward shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin has decreased affinity for oxygen, promoting unloading at tissues.

Question 8

Which equation represents the chemical reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \leftrightarrow 	ext{H}_2	ext{CO}_3 \leftrightarrow 	ext{H}^+ + 	ext{HCO}_3^-$$

Question 9

A person at high altitude experiences hypoxemia. Which homeostatic response is most likely to occur first?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies stimulate increased ventilation.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about compliance is correct?

Accepted Answer

High compliance means the lungs expand easily with little pressure.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a form in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Bound to albumin

Question 12

During strenuous exercise, which change occurs in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

The curve shifts to the right, increasing oxygen unloading at tissues.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the events of gas exchange during pulmonary exchange?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffuses from alveolar air into pulmonary capillaries, while carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveolar air.

Question 14

Which of the following factors would increase airway resistance?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction

Question 15

If the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air is 160 mmHg and oxygen makes up 21% of the air, which equation correctly calculates the partial pressure using Dalton’s Law?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{O_2$} = 0.21 	imes 760 	ext{ mmHg} = 159.6 	ext{ mmHg}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the local feedback control of pulmonary arteriole smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Low alveolar PO2 causes pulmonary arterioles to constrict, redirecting blood flow to better-ventilated areas.

Question 17

Which of the following lung volumes is included in total lung capacity but not in vital capacity?

Accepted Answer

Residual volume

Question 18

Which of the following statements about alveolar ventilation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar ventilation is minute ventilation minus dead space ventilation.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the medullary respiratory centers?

Accepted Answer

They generate the basic rhythm of breathing by sending signals to respiratory muscles.

Respiratory Physiology: Homeostatic Control, Ventilation, Gas Exchange, and Gas Transport

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