Q: Which formula best represents the calculation of partial pressure of a gas in a mixture?

$$P_{gas} = F_{gas} \times P_{total}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of internal respiration?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of oxygen from blood to tissue cells and carbon dioxide from tissue cells to blood

Question 2

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is likely to experience which of the following physiological changes?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ability to force air out of the lungs due to loss of elastic recoil

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the reversible reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow $$HCO_3^- + H$$^+$$

Question 4

During inspiration, which pressure change occurs in the pleural cavity?

Accepted Answer

Pleural pressure becomes more negative, typically around $$-4 mm Hg$$

Question 5

Which of the following is the primary function of alveolar macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of debris and pathogens within the alveoli

Question 6

A climber at high altitude experiences a decrease in oxygen saturation. Which factor primarily causes the rightward shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

Increased $$2,3-$$BPG concentration

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why metabolically active tissues receive more oxygen from hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

They have higher temperature and $$CO_2$$ levels, which decrease hemoglobin affinity for $$O_2$$

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ion $$\rightarrow$$ bound to hemoglobin $$\rightarrow$$ dissolved in plasma

Question 9

Which formula best represents the calculation of partial pressure of a gas in a mixture?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{gas} = F_{gas} 	imes P_{total}$$

Question 10

A patient is hyperventilating. What is the expected effect on blood pH and $$CO_2$$ levels?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH increases, $$CO_2$$ decreases

Question 11

Which of the following structures is responsible for the rhythmic pattern of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Medullary respiratory centers

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct consequence of surfactant deficiency in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of alveolar collapse (atelectasis)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

Increased $$CO_2$$ and $$H^+$$ decrease hemoglobin's affinity for $$O_2$$

Question 14

Which of the following is the most abundant form of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ion ($$HCO_3$$^-$$) in plasma

Question 15

A patient with impaired ciliary function in the respiratory tract is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of pathogens and debris in the airways

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the conducting zone in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Transports air from the nose to the respiratory bronchioles

Question 17

Which of the following changes would most likely increase the rate of oxygen unloading from hemoglobin in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Increased $$H^+$$ concentration (lower pH)

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct definition of hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygen content in the blood

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why $$CO_2$$ diffuses more rapidly than $$O_2$$ across the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 is $$more soluble in plasma than $$O_2$$

Question 20

A patient with respiratory acidosis is likely to have which of the following blood gas findings?

Accepted Answer

Increased $$CO_2$$, decreased pH

Respiratory Physiology: Mechanisms of Gas Exchange and Transport

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