Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the respiratory and circulatory systems in gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

The respiratory system supplies oxygen to the blood, and the circulatory system transports it to body tissues.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly lists the four processes of respiration in the order they occur and the organ systems involved?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary ventilation (respiratory), external respiration (respiratory), transport of gases (circulatory), internal respiration (circulatory)

Question 3

A patient inhales air through the nose. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which air passes through the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → alveoli

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the division between the upper and lower respiratory tracts?

Accepted Answer

The lower respiratory tract begins at the larynx and includes all structures below it.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the nasal cavity in conditioning air?

Accepted Answer

It warms, humidifies, and filters incoming air before it reaches the lungs.

Question 6

Which type of epithelium lines the trachea and is responsible for trapping and moving particles out of the airway?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 7

As the respiratory tract branches from the trachea to the bronchioles, which of the following changes occurs?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage decreases and smooth muscle increases.

Question 8

Which cell type in the alveolar wall is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Type I alveolar cells

Question 9

A patient with a punctured chest wall develops a pneumothorax. What happens if the transpulmonary pressure equals atmospheric pressure?

Accepted Answer

The lungs will collapse because there is no pressure difference to keep them inflated.

Question 10

According to Boyle's Law, what happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume of its container increases, assuming temperature is constant?

Accepted Answer

Pressure decreases as volume increases.

Question 11

Which muscle is primarily responsible for restful (passive) inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 12

Which of the following is the major source of airway resistance in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Medium-sized bronchi

Question 13

What is the function of pulmonary surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It decreases surface tension, making it easier for the lungs to expand.

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely decrease lung compliance?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis (scarring) of lung tissue

Question 15

A patient is breathing rapidly but shallowly. Which of the following is the best indicator of effective ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar ventilation rate (AVR)

Question 16

Dalton’s Law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas. If atmospheric pressure is $760\ \mathrm{mmHg}$ and oxygen makes up $21\%$ of the air, what is the partial pressure of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

$160\ \mathrm{mmHg}$

Question 17

According to Henry’s Law, which two factors determine how much of a gas will dissolve in a liquid?

Accepted Answer

Partial pressure of the gas and solubility of the gas in the liquid

Question 18

Which of the following statements about alveolar air compared to atmospheric air is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar air contains more carbon dioxide and water vapor than atmospheric air.

Question 19

A mountain climber ascends to a high altitude where atmospheric pressure is $500\ \mathrm{mmHg}$. If oxygen is still $21\%$ of the air, what is the new partial pressure of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

$105\ \mathrm{mmHg}$

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely impair external respiration?

Accepted Answer

Thickening of the respiratory membrane due to pulmonary edema

Respiratory System and Acid-Base Balance: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology II (Chapters 22 & 25)

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