Question 1

Which of the following structures is responsible for warming, moistening, and filtering incoming air during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Nasal conchae and mucosa

Question 2

A patient presents with a blockage in the left main bronchus. Which lung lobes would be affected?

Accepted Answer

Superior and inferior lobes

Question 3

Which type of epithelium lines the majority of the nasal cavity and is specialized for trapping and moving particles?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 4

During swallowing, which structure tips inferiorly to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of Type II alveolar cells?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of surfactant to reduce surface tension

Question 6

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is likely to have impaired airflow due to which of the following changes in the bronchial tree?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of smooth muscle and excess mucus secretion

Question 7

Which anatomical feature allows the lungs to expand during inspiration by providing a potential space for movement?

Accepted Answer

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 8

What is the primary function of the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) located in the nasopharynx?

Accepted Answer

Destroy pathogens in inhaled air

Question 9

Which equation best represents the relationship between pressure and volume in the thoracic cavity during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 10

A patient inhales a small particle that reaches the alveoli. Which cell type is primarily responsible for removing this particle?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar macrophage

Question 11

Which structure marks the division of the trachea into the two primary bronchi and is highly sensitive to irritants, triggering the cough reflex?

Accepted Answer

Carina

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the right lung compared to the left lung?

Accepted Answer

The right lung has three lobes and both oblique and horizontal fissures

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the change in epithelial lining as the bronchial tree branches from primary bronchi to terminal bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Transitions from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to simple cuboidal

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the nasal vestibule?

Accepted Answer

Filtering large particles from inspired air

Question 15

A patient with a pneumothorax has air in which anatomical space?

Accepted Answer

Pleural cavity

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the respiratory membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of alveolar and capillary walls with their fused basal lamina

Question 17

Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the diaphragm and controlling its movement during ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the left lung has only two lobes?

Accepted Answer

It accommodates the cardiac notch for the heart

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the function of the vestibular folds in the larynx?

Accepted Answer

They enhance high-frequency sounds but do not produce sound

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the mucosa lining the carina of the trachea?

Accepted Answer

It is highly sensitive to irritants and triggers the cough reflex

Respiratory System: Structure and Function – Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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