Q: A patient at high altitude has a tidal volume of 700 mL and an anatomical dead space of 150 mL. What percentage of fresh air reaches the alveoli?

$\frac{700 - 150}{700} \times 100\% = 78.6\%$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Humidification, warming, filtration, and cleaning of inspired air

Question 2

A patient with damage to the goblet cells in their conducting zone would most likely experience which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Impaired mucus production and decreased filtration of inspired air

Question 3

Which anatomical structure is the last portion of the conducting zone before air enters the respiratory zone?

Accepted Answer

Terminal bronchioles

Question 4

Boyle's Law is fundamental to the mechanics of breathing. Which equation correctly represents Boyle's Law?

Accepted Answer

$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$

Question 5

During quiet inspiration, which muscles are primarily responsible for increasing the thoracic volume?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 6

Which of the following statements about expiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Expiration during quiet breathing is passive, relying on muscle relaxation

Question 7

A patient at high altitude has a tidal volume of 700 mL and an anatomical dead space of 150 mL. What percentage of fresh air reaches the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{700 - 150}{700} 	imes 100\% = 78.6\%$

Question 8

Which cell type in the alveoli is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Type I alveolar cells

Question 9

What is the main function of surfactant produced by Type II alveolar cells?

Accepted Answer

Prevent alveolar collapse by reducing surface tension

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the lungs do not normally collapse within the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

A negative pressure (transpulmonary pressure) between the intrapleural and intrapulmonary spaces

Question 11

A tracheostomy is performed to bypass the upper airway. Which of the following is a potential consequence of an inflated cuff in a tracheostomy tube?

Accepted Answer

Secure airway and efficient ventilation, but loss of upper respiratory tract speech

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange with blood

Question 13

Which equation represents the overall chemical reaction for cellular respiration as shown in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$

Question 14

Which of the following structures is part of the pharynx and is involved in directing food and liquids away from the airway?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 15

During forced expiration, which muscles are primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 16

If the anatomical dead space is 150 mL and the tidal volume is 500 mL, what is the percentage of fresh air reaching the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{500 - 150}{500} 	imes 100\% = 70\%$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between respiratory bronchioles and terminal bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Terminal bronchioles are the last part of the conducting zone; respiratory bronchioles mark the beginning of the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the tonsils in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Immune defense as part of the lymphatic system

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the alveolar membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is extremely thin to facilitate rapid diffusion of gases

P: Respiratory System 1

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