Question 1

Which of the following best defines cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose in cells to produce ATP, water, and carbon dioxide.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$

Question 3

The respiratory quotient (RQ) for carbohydrates is closest to:

Accepted Answer

$$1.0$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of the respiratory system in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It maintains acid-base balance by removing $$CO_2$$ from the body.

Question 5

Which macromolecule has the lowest respiratory quotient?

Accepted Answer

Fat

Question 6

A patient with a pneumothorax will most likely have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Collapsed lung due to air in the pleural cavity

Question 7

Which pressure is always lower than atmospheric pressure during normal breathing?

Accepted Answer

Intrapleural pressure

Question 8

During forced expiration, which muscles are primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of type II alveolar cells?

Accepted Answer

Production of surfactant

Question 10

If the atmospheric pressure is $$760\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg}$$ and the intrapleural pressure is $$754\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg}$$, what is the transpulmonary pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg} ($$difference between alveolar and intrapleural pressure)

Question 11

Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the lungs and the pleural sacs?

Accepted Answer

The lungs are inside the pleural sacs, which are inside the thoracic cavity.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the passage of air from the atmosphere to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Trachea → Primary bronchus → Secondary bronchus → Tertiary bronchus → Terminal bronchiole → Alveoli

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why intrapleural pressure is sub-atmospheric?

Accepted Answer

The elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall pull in opposite directions.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a major muscle of inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals

Question 16

During external respiration, which gas diffuses from the alveoli into the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes forced expiration?

Accepted Answer

Expiration that involves contraction of abdominal and internal intercostal muscles

Question 18

Which of the following is the primary function of type I alveolar cells?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the respiratory quotient (RQ) is correct?

Accepted Answer

RQ is the ratio of $$CO_2$$ produced to $$O_2$$ consumed during metabolism.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of a pneumothorax on lung function?

Accepted Answer

It causes the lung to collapse due to loss of negative intrapleural pressure.

Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Physiology Study Guide

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