Q: During cellular respiration, which equation correctly represents the formation of the major waste products expelled by the lungs?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of gases between atmospheric air, blood, and cells to adjust pH of body fluids

Question 2

During cellular respiration, which equation correctly represents the formation of the major waste products expelled by the lungs?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 3

Which tissue type is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the alveoli of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium (SSqE)

Question 4

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing difficulty exhaling. Which law of physics best explains why decreased lung compliance impairs exhalation?

Accepted Answer

Boyle's Law: $$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange between air and blood

Question 6

Which of the following correctly lists the three unpaired cartilage pieces of the larynx?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis

Question 7

A scuba diver rapidly ascends to the surface, causing nitrogen gas to come out of solution in the blood. Which law explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Henry's Law: $$C = kP$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the chloride shift in the transport of carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Chloride ions move into red blood cells as bicarbonate ions exit to maintain electrical neutrality

Question 9

Which equation represents the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system in the pulmonary capillaries?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$} + \mathrm{H_2O} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H_2CO_3} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-} + \mathrm{H^+}$$

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypoventilation leading to increased $$pCO_2$$ and decreased pH

Question 11

Which region of the pharynx is located above the uvula and contains openings for the Eustachian tubes?

Accepted Answer

Nasopharynx

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why air moves into the lungs during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

The pressure inside the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure due to diaphragm contraction

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct percentage of oxygen transported bound to hemoglobin in the blood?

Accepted Answer

98.5%

Question 14

A patient is experiencing convulsions and tetany due to excessive loss of carbon dioxide from hyperventilation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 15

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the lower respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Pharynx

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of surfactant produced by septal cells in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse

Question 17

Which law explains why the volume of air in the lungs increases as the temperature of inhaled air rises?

Accepted Answer

Charles' Law: $$\frac{V_1$}{T_1$} = \frac{V_2$}{T_2$}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is the most important factor in the formation of oxyhemoglobin ($$HbO_2$$)?

Accepted Answer

Partial pressure of oxygen ($$pO_2)$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of decreased surface area of the respiratory membrane due to disease?

Accepted Answer

Decreased rate and depth of breathing due to reduced gas exchange

Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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