Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which homeostatic feedback mechanism is most likely activated to restore fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback involving increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the subatomic particle with its charge and location?

Accepted Answer

Proton: positive charge, located in the nucleus.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the formation of a sodium ion ($$\mathrm{Na^+}) $$from a neutral sodium atom?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na^+} + e^-$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a higher concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions than pure water.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis reaction in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{A} + \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{AB}$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules across a membrane via transport proteins, down their concentration gradient, without energy input.

Question 11

Which of the following is a major difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 12

Which of the following organic compounds is primarily used for long-term energy storage in the body?

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid molecule?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 16

A patient has a genetic mutation that affects the structure of their cell membrane. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Selective transport of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following equations represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H_2O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about activation energy?

Accepted Answer

It is the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the control center in a homeostatic feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

It receives input from receptors and sends output to effectors to maintain balance.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions.

SCB 203 Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide (Weeks 1-3)

Study Guide - Practice Questions