Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment

Question 2

A patient presents with damage to the optic nerve. Which special sense is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Vision

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 4

A person is experiencing difficulty swallowing and frequent heartburn. Which part of the digestive system is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Esophagus

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the kidneys are essential for homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

They filter metabolic wastes and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 6

A patient with a blocked coronary artery is at risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction

Question 7

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating ovulation in the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 8

A person inhales deeply and then exhales forcefully. Which lung volume is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Vital capacity

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It insulates axons to increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction

Question 10

A patient with chronic kidney disease is unable to excrete sufficient hydrogen ions. What acid-base imbalance are they most at risk for?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures through which food passes in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine

Question 12

Which equation best represents the calculation of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \frac{1}{3} (SBP - DBP) + DBP$$

Question 13

A patient is unable to distinguish between salty and sweet tastes. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cranial nerve VII (Facial)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of alveoli in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

They are the primary site for gas exchange between air and blood

Question 15

A patient with a peptic ulcer is most likely to have damage in which organ?

Accepted Answer

Stomach

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the liver in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Producing bile to emulsify fats

Question 17

A patient with high blood pressure is prescribed a diuretic. How does this medication help lower blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

By increasing urine output, reducing blood volume

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature lower than body temperature for optimal sperm production

Question 19

A patient with damage to Broca's area in the brain would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing speech

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the nephron in the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood, reabsorbs needed substances, and forms urine

Semester Study Guide: Human Anatomy II (ANAV 122) – 2026

Study Guide - Practice Questions