Question 1

Which of the following best describes the most fundamental biological distinction between male and female in humans?

Accepted Answer

Males produce motile gametes (sperm) and possess a Y chromosome; females produce nutrient-rich gametes (eggs) and lack a Y chromosome.

Question 2

Which embryonic structure is homologous to the scrotum in males?

Accepted Answer

Labia majora

Question 3

During sexual differentiation, which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of the mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts into male reproductive structures?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 4

A male infant is born with undescended testes. Which structure failed to guide the migration of the testes during development?

Accepted Answer

Gubernaculum

Question 5

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic in males?

Accepted Answer

Facial hair and relatively muscular physique

Question 6

What is the primary function of the pampiniform plexus in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

To act as a countercurrent heat exchanger and cool arterial blood before it reaches the testes

Question 7

Which of the following correctly lists the pathway of a sperm cell from its formation to ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Seminiferous tubule → Rete testis → Efferent ductules → Epididymis → Ductus deferens → Ampulla → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra

Question 8

A patient has a sperm count of 15 million/mL. Based on the study materials, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Infertility due to low sperm count

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the reduction in chromosome number during meiosis in spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 10

Which accessory gland produces a secretion that neutralizes the acidity of residual urine in the urethra prior to ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Bulbourethral gland

Question 11

During the excitement phase of male sexual response, which neurotransmitter is released to trigger vasodilation and erection?

Accepted Answer

Nitric oxide (NO)

Question 12

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and introduces genetic variability through crossing-over.

Question 13

Which hormone is secreted by the testes to cause degeneration of the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts during male development?

Accepted Answer

Müllerian-inhibiting factor (MIF)

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of prostaglandins in semen?

Accepted Answer

Thinning cervical mucus and stimulating uterine contractions

Question 15

A male patient has a mutation in the SRY gene. Which developmental outcome is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Development of ovaries and female reproductive structures

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why female development occurs in the absence of androgen hormones, despite high estrogen levels during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Female development is the default pathway unless androgens are present to induce male traits.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Type A daughter cell (2n) → Type B daughter cell (2n) → Primary spermatocyte (2n) → Secondary spermatocyte (n) → Spermatid (n) → Spermatozoon (n)

Question 18

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to temperature regulation of the testes?

Accepted Answer

Seminal vesicle secretion

Question 19

Which phase of the male sexual response is characterized by increased heart rate, blood pressure, and pulmonary ventilation, as well as vasocongestion and myotonia?

Accepted Answer

Excitement phase

Question 20

Which equation best represents the genetic variability produced by crossing-over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Genetic variability} = 	ext{Crossing-over} + 	ext{Independent assortment}$$

Sexual Reproduction and The Male Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Development

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