Question 1

Which of the following best describes the extracellular matrix in hyaline cartilage, and where is this tissue commonly found?

Accepted Answer

It is semi-solid with fine collagen fibers; commonly found at the ends of long bones and in the nose.

Question 2

A bone is described as being roughly cube-shaped, with equal length, width, and height. Which structural class does it belong to, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Short bone; provides stability and support with limited movement.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about compact and spongy bone is correct?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons (Haversian systems) for structural support, while spongy bone contains trabeculae for shock absorption.

Question 4

Hematopoiesis primarily occurs in which structure, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow; produces blood cells.

Question 5

During growth, the epiphyseal plate is responsible for which process, and what happens to it after puberty?

Accepted Answer

It allows bone lengthening; after puberty, it becomes the epiphyseal line as cartilage is replaced by bone.

Question 6

Which bone marking is a rounded articular projection, and where might you find it?

Accepted Answer

Condyle; found on the femur.

Question 7

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption, and what hormone stimulates its activity?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; stimulated by parathyroid hormone.

Question 8

The zygomatic bone is commonly known as the cheekbone. Which of the following is true regarding its function and movement?

Accepted Answer

It forms part of the orbit and is immovable.

Question 9

Which vertebral section contains fused bones, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Sacral; transmits weight to the pelvis.

Question 10

Intervertebral discs are composed of fibrocartilage. What is their main function?

Accepted Answer

To absorb shock and allow flexibility between vertebrae.

Question 11

Which girdle allows more movement, and why?

Accepted Answer

Shoulder girdle; because it has shallow sockets and less ligamentous support.

Question 12

Which joint type is classified as diarthrosis and allows the greatest range of movement?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket

Question 13

A patient presents with abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. What is this condition called, and which vertebral section is most commonly affected?

Accepted Answer

Scoliosis; thoracic

Question 14

Which muscle type is striated, voluntary, and responsible for shivering to produce heat?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 15

During muscle contraction, which sarcomere structures decrease in length, and which remain unchanged?

Accepted Answer

I band decreases; A band remains unchanged.

Question 16

Which equation best represents the relationship between force generated by a muscle and the overlap of actin and myosin filaments?

Accepted Answer

$$F = k 	imes (L_{overlap})$$

Question 17

Which structure in the muscle cell is responsible for transmitting the action potential deep into the cell, triggering calcium release?

Accepted Answer

T tubule

Question 18

Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction. What is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

To initiate an action potential in the muscle fiber.

Question 19

Which term describes a muscle that stabilizes the origin of the agonist during movement?

Accepted Answer

Fixator

Question 20

A muscle is described as having two points of origin. Which term best describes this muscle, and what is an example?

Accepted Answer

Biceps; biceps brachii

Skeletal and Muscular Systems: Study Guide for BIOL 2113L Unit 2 Exam

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