Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the mechanical advantage ($$MA) of a $$lever system in the human body?

$$MA = \frac{\text{length of effort arm}}{\text{length of load arm}}$$

Question 1

Which fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscle is characterized by a broad, triangular-shaped muscle that tapers down into a single tendon, as seen in the pectoralis major?

Accepted Answer

Convergent

Question 2

A muscle that acts as a stabilizer by anchoring a bone and providing protection from injury due to unnecessary movements is called a:

Accepted Answer

Fixator

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a second-class lever in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The load is between the fulcrum and the applied force, and the load moves in the same direction as the applied force.

Question 4

Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the eyebrows and skin of the forehead?

Accepted Answer

Epicranius (occipitofrontalis)

Question 5

During chewing, which muscle is responsible for protracting the mandible and moving it side-to-side?

Accepted Answer

Lateral pterygoid

Question 6

Which of the following muscles is involved in facial expressions that convey negative emotions such as frowning?

Accepted Answer

Depressor anguli oris

Question 7

A patient is unable to move their eyeball laterally. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Lateral rectus

Question 8

Which muscle group is most critical for both locomotion and posture, running along the vertebral column and posterior ribs?

Accepted Answer

Erector spinae

Question 9

Which abdominal muscle is found within a connective tissue covering called the rectus sheath?

Accepted Answer

Rectus abdominis

Question 10

The external urethral sphincter muscle allows for voluntary control of urination. Where is this muscle located?

Accepted Answer

In the pelvic floor

Question 11

Which muscle is responsible for pulling the corners of the mouth upward and outward, as in smiling?

Accepted Answer

Zygomaticus major

Question 12

A muscle that originates on the scapula and inserts on the humerus, and is responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint, is the:

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 13

Which of the following is a circular fascicle arrangement that surrounds body openings?

Accepted Answer

Sphincter

Question 14

If a muscle acts as a synergist, what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Assists the agonist by providing supplemental force and minimizing unwanted movement

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the mechanical advantage ($$MA) of a $$lever system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$MA = \frac{	ext{length of effort arm}}{	ext{length of load arm}}$$

Question 16

Which muscle is involved in elevating the mandible during chewing and is one of the most powerful muscles of mastication?

Accepted Answer

Masseter

Question 17

A third-class lever in the human body is characterized by which of the following arrangements?

Accepted Answer

The applied force is between the fulcrum and the load

Question 18

Which muscle is responsible for compressing the cheeks and is involved in manipulating food while chewing?

Accepted Answer

Buccinator

Question 19

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the muscles of respiration?

Accepted Answer

Rectus abdominis

Question 20

A patient presents with difficulty swallowing due to impaired movement of the tongue. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Hyoglossus

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