Question 1

Which of the following bones is formed primarily through intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Mandible

Question 2

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events leading to bone formation?

Accepted Answer

Mesenchyme forms hyaline cartilage, which is then replaced by bone

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the increase in bone thickness during growth and throughout adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 4

A 10-year-old child’s humerus x-ray would most likely show which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 5

Which hormone is released in response to decreased blood calcium levels and stimulates osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

What is the primary effect of calcitonin on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits osteoclasts to decrease bone resorption

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Main energy source for muscle contraction

Question 8

Appositional growth occurs primarily at which location in the bone?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of calcitriol in calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Increases calcium absorption in the gut

Question 10

A patient presents with abnormally high blood calcium levels. Which hormone would be expected to be released to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the normal range of blood calcium concentration?

Accepted Answer

$9-11 \, \mathrm{mg}/100 \, \mathrm{ml}$

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Decrease calcium lost in urine

Question 13

Which type of bone growth is responsible for lengthwise growth during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a reason for bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone thickness during growth

Question 15

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 16

Which hormone stimulates the conversion of vitamin D to calcitriol in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 17

A patient with decreased mitotic activity of chondroblasts in the epiphyseal plate is most likely in which age group?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence (12-25 years)

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why bones are targeted for calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Bones contain the majority of the body's calcium in their calcified matrix

Question 19

Which of the following is a multi-step effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates osteoclasts, increases kidney reabsorption, increases calcitriol production

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in increased appositional bone growth in an adult?

Accepted Answer

Strenuous muscle activity or increased body weight

Skeletal System: Bone Development, Growth, and Remodeling

Study Guide - Practice Questions