Question 1

Which process is responsible for forming the flat bones of the skull during fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the diaphysis of the femur. Which type of bone growth is primarily responsible for the thickening of this region during development?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption, increasing the diameter of the medullary cavity during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 4

During bone development, which structure separates the epiphysis and diaphysis, allowing for continued lengthening of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 5

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 6

A deficiency in which vitamin would most directly impair the absorption of calcium and phosphate, leading to poor bone mineralization?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Protects the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs; supports the body weight over lower limbs

Question 8

Which bone marking is defined as a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 9

If osteoblast activity declines with age while osteoclast activity remains the same, which condition is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Osteopenia

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between bone mass and the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta M = A_{ob} - A_{oc}$

Question 11

Which structure is found running parallel to the long axis of compact bone and contains blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Haversian canal

Question 12

A child is diagnosed with a disorder affecting the epiphyseal plate. Which aspect of bone growth will be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Bone lengthening

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Support and protection of soft tissues

Question 14

Which of the following bones is classified as an irregular bone?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Question 15

Which landmark forms the posterior wall of the orbit?

Accepted Answer

Sphenoid bone

Question 16

A patient suffers a blow to the side of the skull, fracturing the bone that forms the lateral wall of the orbit. Which bone is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Zygomatic bone

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Resonate sounds and secrete mucus

Question 18

Which vertebral region is specialized for supporting the weight of the head and maintaining upright posture?

Accepted Answer

Cervical

Question 19

Which equation best represents the calculation of total bone mass ($M$) given the rates of bone formation ($F$) and bone resorption ($R$) over time $t$?

Accepted Answer

$M = \int_0^t (F - R) \, dt$

Question 20

A patient with osteoporosis has a higher rate of bone resorption than bone formation. Which of the following best explains the change in bone density?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity

Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue Structure and Axial Skeleton

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