Question 1

Which bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on this cell?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; PTH stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone and release Ca$$^{2+}.$$

Question 2

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures due to which of the following changes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass and density, leading to brittle bones.

Question 3

During endochondral ossification, which structure is responsible for the increase in bone length, and what happens to it at maturity?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate; it becomes the epiphyseal line after closure.

Question 4

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone remodeling and calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Bone formation rate $$-$$ Bone resorption rate $$=$$ Net bone mass change

Question 5

A child presents with delayed closure of fontanelles. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 6

Which bone is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Question 7

A fracture repair sequence involves four steps. Which step immediately follows the formation of a fracture hematoma?

Accepted Answer

Formation of an external callus (fibrocartilage bridge)

Question 8

Which hormone is most likely to be elevated in a patient with hypocalcemia, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases blood Ca$$^{2+} by $$stimulating osteoclasts.

Question 9

Which anatomical feature distinguishes the atlas (C1) from other cervical vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Absence of a vertebral body and allows nodding movement.

Question 10

Which bone marking is the primary site for muscle attachment on the humerus?

Accepted Answer

Greater and lesser tubercles

Question 11

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin D will most likely experience which effect on their skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Impaired Ca$$^{2+}$$ absorption, leading to weakened bone matrix.

Question 12

Which equation describes the shock absorption function of the foot's longitudinal arch during walking?

Accepted Answer

Force transmitted $$=$$ Weight_{calcaneus} + Weight_{talus} + Weight_{metatarsals}

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the differences between the pectoral and pelvic girdles?

Accepted Answer

The pelvic girdle is more massive and stable, while the pectoral girdle is lighter and more mobile.

Question 14

Which bone is classified as a sesamoid bone and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Patella; protects the knee joint and improves leverage of the quadriceps.

Question 15

Which structure forms the socket for the head of the femur in the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

Acetabulum

Question 16

Which bone cell type is found in the periosteum and endosteum and is responsible for generating new osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cells

Question 17

Which spinal curves are present at birth and what is their direction?

Accepted Answer

Primary curves; concave anteriorly (thoracic and sacral)

Question 18

Which bone type is found within tendons and provides protection and leverage?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 19

Which anatomical term refers to the thumb, and how many phalanges does it contain?

Accepted Answer

Pollex; 2 phalanges (proximal and distal)

Question 20

Which process increases bone diameter and involves osteoblasts adding new matrix to the periosteal surface?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Anatomy (Chapters 6–8 Study Guide)

Study Guide - Practice Questions