Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between compact bone and spongy bone at the microscopic level?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons (Haversian systems) arranged in concentric lamellae, while spongy bone contains trabeculae arranged in a lattice network.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the diaphysis of the femur. Which structural component of a long bone is most directly involved in the healing process due to its rich supply of osteoprogenitor cells?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 3

Which of the following bones is NOT formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Question 4

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

A 70-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which age-related change in bone structure most likely contributed to her condition?

Accepted Answer

Decreased osteoblast activity and increased bone resorption

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches the bone cell with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast – bone matrix resorption

Question 7

During endochondral ossification of a long bone, which event occurs first?

Accepted Answer

A cartilage model is formed

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the hip joint is more stable than the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

Accepted Answer

The acetabulum is deeper and more completely surrounds the femoral head than the glenoid cavity surrounds the humeral head.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of yellow bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Storage of triglycerides (energy reserve)

Question 10

A patient has a fracture that damages the epiphyseal plate. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired longitudinal growth of the affected bone

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of curvature development in the vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

Primary curvatures (thoracic and sacral) develop before birth; secondary curvatures (cervical and lumbar) develop after birth.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of synovial fluid in a typical synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Lubricates the joint, nourishes articular cartilage, and acts as a shock absorber

Question 13

Which of the following is a special movement that occurs at the ankle joint?

Accepted Answer

Dorsiflexion

Question 14

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

They lighten the skull and enhance resonance of the voice.

Question 16

A patient is unable to perform supination of the forearm. Which bone is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Radius

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of the steps in fracture healing?

Accepted Answer

Fracture hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, bone remodeling

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the activation of vitamin D to calcitriol?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Vitamin\ D_3$\ (cholecalciferol) \xrightarrow{liver} 25	ext{-}hydroxyvitamin\ D_3$ \xrightarrow{kidney} 1,25	ext{-}dihydroxyvitamin\ D_3$\ (calcitriol)}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the inverse relationship between mobility and stability in joints?

Accepted Answer

As mobility increases, stability decreases.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a bone marking term and its definition?

Accepted Answer

Foramen – a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Articulations

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