$$\text{Calcium percentage} = \frac{\text{Calcium mass}}{\text{Total bone mass}} \times 100$$ Given: Calcium is 66% of bone mass.

$$\text{Bone mass lost per decade} = 0.08 \times \text{Initial bone mass}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the vertebra. Which bone classification does this bone belong to?

Accepted Answer

Irregular bone

Question 3

Which type of bone is characterized by thin, parallel surfaces and provides protection for underlying soft tissues?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone

Question 4

What is the main difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer, while spongy bone is porous and found inside bones.

Question 5

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption and releases acids and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 6

During bone growth, which process increases the diameter of bones?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 7

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

A 60-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains her increased risk?

Accepted Answer

Decline in estrogen production after menopause leads to increased osteoclast activity

Question 9

Which equation best represents the percentage of calcium in bone mass?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Calcium percentage} = \frac{	ext{Calcium mass}}{	ext{Total bone mass}} 	imes 100$$ 
Given: Calcium is 66% of bone mass.

Question 10

Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and stimulates osteoblast differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 11

A patient with chronic kidney disease is unable to produce sufficient calcitriol. What is the most likely consequence for their bones?

Accepted Answer

Decreased calcium absorption leading to weakened bones

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces existing hyaline cartilage

Question 13

What is the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They form pathways for blood vessels and allow exchange of nutrients and wastes between osteocytes.

Question 14

Which bone marking is most likely to be found where tendons and ligaments attach?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 15

A long bone stops growing in length when:

Accepted Answer

The epiphyseal cartilage disappears and is replaced by an epiphyseal line

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

It involves osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts and occurs throughout life.

Question 17

Which equation describes the relationship between bone mass loss and age in women?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone mass lost per decade} = 0.08 	imes 	ext{Initial bone mass}$$

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely result in increased bone thickness and strength?

Accepted Answer

Regular weight-bearing exercise

Question 19

A patient with multiple myeloma is at risk for severe osteoporosis because cancer cells release a factor that:

Accepted Answer

Stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone matrix

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the steps in bone fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Fracture hematoma formation → Callus formation → Spongy bone formation → Compact bone formation

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Bone Classification

Study Guide - Practice Questions