Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with brittle bones that fracture easily. Laboratory analysis reveals a decreased ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite in the bone matrix. What is the most likely consequence of this change?

Accepted Answer

Bones will become less flexible and more prone to shattering under stress.

Question 3

Which equation best represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 4

Which specialized bone cell is responsible for bone resorption and contains multiple nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 5

A long bone is fractured and the periosteum is damaged. Which of the following is LEAST likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood supply to the bone

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is solid and resists unidirectional stress, while spongy bone has an open network and resists multidirectional stress.

Question 7

During intramembranous ossification, which event occurs FIRST?

Accepted Answer

Development of ossification centers within thickened mesenchyme

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the blood supply in mature bone and cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Bone has an extensive blood supply, while cartilage is avascular.

Question 9

A child is diagnosed with a growth disorder affecting the epiphyseal plate. Which process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal growth of long bones

Question 10

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing osteoclast activity and bone breakdown when blood calcium levels are low?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 11

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Tuberosity – site for muscle/tendon attachment

Question 12

Which process replaces the fetal hyaline cartilage model with bone tissue during development?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 13

A patient undergoes a bone scan that reveals increased osteoblast activity. Which of the following is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Bone formation and repair

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Ossification center formation → osteoid secretion → calcification → trabeculae formation → periosteum development

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone is found in the epiphyses of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support in multiple directions and reduces bone weight.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It contains both an outer fibrous layer and an inner cellular layer.

Question 17

Which bone cell type is derived from the monocyte lineage and is responsible for secreting lysosomal enzymes and acids?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 18

Which of the following equations represents the percentage of inorganic material in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Inorganic material} = 65\%$$

Question 19

A patient is exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) for bone healing. Which cellular response is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased osteoblast proliferation and osteocalcin production

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct match between bone region and its primary composition?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis – compact bone

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Bone Tissue Composition

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