$$\text{PTH} \uparrow \Rightarrow \text{Bone resorption} \uparrow \Rightarrow [Ca$$^{2+}$$]_{blood} \uparrow$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone production

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which part of the long bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the first step in the formation of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a bone collar around the diaphysis of hyaline cartilage

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of bone that gives it both hardness and flexibility?

Accepted Answer

Combination of organic (osteoid) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite) components

Question 6

A child is diagnosed with rickets. Which of the following is most likely deficient in their diet?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 7

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

According to Wolff's law, which of the following would most likely occur in the bones of a tennis player's dominant arm?

Accepted Answer

Increased thickness and strength

Question 9

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 10

What is the name of the membrane that covers the external surface of bones except at the joints?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the increase in bone width during growth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 12

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling involves both bone deposition and resorption

Question 13

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures because:

Accepted Answer

Their bones have decreased mass and structural integrity

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Resting zone, proliferation zone, hypertrophic zone, calcification zone, ossification zone

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

Mature bone cells that monitor and maintain the mineralized bone matrix

Question 16

Which type of ossification is responsible for the formation of most bones below the base of the skull?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 17

If a patient has a genetic mutation that impairs collagen synthesis, which property of bone would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Flexibility and tensile strength

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between calcium homeostasis and bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{PTH} \uparrow \Rightarrow 	ext{Bone resorption} \uparrow \Rightarrow [Ca$$^{2+}$$]_{blood} \uparrow$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why trabeculae in spongy bone are oriented along lines of stress?

Accepted Answer

To provide optimal strength and support according to Wolff's law

Question 20

A 15-year-old athlete experiences a growth spurt. Which hormones are primarily responsible for this event?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone and sex hormones

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Classification

Study Guide - Practice Questions