Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between bone density ($D$), calcium intake ($C$), and physical activity ($A$)?

$D = k(C + A)$, \text{where } k \text{ is a proportionality constant}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

To support, protect, and assist with movement, as well as house bone marrow for blood cell production

Question 2

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue and releasing calcium into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 3

A patient presents with a fracture where the bone is crushed into several pieces, commonly seen in elderly individuals. What type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Comminuted

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the bone type with its example?

Accepted Answer

Short bone: Carpal

Question 5

During bone remodeling, which process increases bone width?

Accepted Answer

Addition of bone matrix by osteoblasts

Question 6

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone density ($D$), calcium intake ($C$), and physical activity ($A$)?

Accepted Answer

$D = k(C + A)$, 	ext{where } k 	ext{ is a proportionality constant}$

Question 7

A child’s long bone grows in length primarily due to activity at which structure?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 8

Which of the following joint types allows the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Synovial (ball and socket)

Question 9

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of synovial membrane and articular cartilage, leading to joint fusion and loss of flexibility

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a cause of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

High calcium intake

Question 11

A patient presents with a lateral curvature of the spine. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Scoliosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a cartilage model, beginning at the diaphysis and progressing toward the epiphyses

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the four steps in fracture healing?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, Fibrocartilage callus formation, Bony callus formation, Remodeling

Question 14

Which of the following joint disorders is characterized by uric acid crystal buildup in joints, especially the toes?

Accepted Answer

Gout

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to comminuted fractures?

Accepted Answer

Their bones are more brittle due to decreased bone density

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a dislocation?

Accepted Answer

Bone forced out of its normal position in a joint

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the rate of bone remodeling ($R$) as a function of osteoblast activity ($O_b$) and osteoclast activity ($O_c$)?

Accepted Answer

$R = O_b - O_c$

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid in a joint?

Accepted Answer

Lubricates the joint and allows for smooth movement

Question 19

A patient with low calcium levels in the blood would experience which of the following physiological responses?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts are activated to release calcium from bone into the blood

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between axial and appendicular skeletons?

Accepted Answer

Axial skeleton includes skull, vertebrae, and rib cage; appendicular skeleton includes limbs and girdles

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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