Question 1

Which type of bone tissue is best adapted to support weight and withstand tension stresses, such as those found in the diaphysis of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone

Question 2

Which structure allows the diaphysis of a long bone to increase in length during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 3

During infancy and childhood, which hormone is the most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Communication

Question 5

Which of the following bones is NOT a part of the appendicular skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Skull

Question 6

The inner (osteogenic) layer of the periosteum consists primarily of which type of cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cells

Question 7

The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of:

Accepted Answer

Blood vessels and nerve fibers

Question 8

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of:

Accepted Answer

Fat

Question 9

The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as:

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 10

Which of the following cells is responsible for bone resorption (breaking down bone matrix)?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 11

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 12

Cartilage grows in two ways: appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth?

Accepted Answer

The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage

Question 13

Which statement best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within

Question 14

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the:

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 15

Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of:

Accepted Answer

Calcium and vitamin D

Question 16

At an archeological site, you discover a bone that is cylindrical in shape, about one inch long and a quarter of an inch wide. Choose the correct classification.

Accepted Answer

Long

Question 17

When an osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by its own matrix secretions, it is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte

Question 18

A patient presents with stunted growth due to a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 19

A fracture that occurs at the epiphyseal plate in a growing child can disrupt which process?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal bone growth

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass ($$M$$), calcium intake ($$C$$), and vitamin D levels ($$D) in $$maintaining healthy bones?

Accepted Answer

$$M = k 	imes C 	imes D$$

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Growth (Study Guide)

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