Question 1

Which of the following is the most abundant type of skeletal cartilage found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 2

A patient presents with bowed legs and delayed growth. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of vitamin D. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 3

Which bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main enzyme it secretes to accomplish this?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; acid phosphatase

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the structure of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

It is organized into osteons, each containing concentric lamellae around a central canal.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between calcium homeostasis and parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca^{2+}$$_{blood} \downarrow \Rightarrow PTH \uparrow$$

Question 6

During endochondral ossification, which region of a long bone does ossification begin?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis (primary ossification center)

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of bone that is directly related to the storage and release of minerals?

Accepted Answer

Mineral homeostasis

Question 8

A 70-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. She has a history of smoking and low calcium intake. Which condition is most likely responsible for her fracture, and what is a major risk factor?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis; advanced age

Question 9

Which of the following best describes Wolff's law?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows and remodels in response to the mechanical stresses placed upon it.

Question 10

Which of the following lists the correct order of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Development of bone collar, cavitation of hyaline cartilage, invasion of periosteal bud, formation of medullary cavity, ossification of epiphyses

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a zone found in the epiphyseal plate during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic zone

Question 12

Which of the following statements about osteoid is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osteoid is the organic portion of bone matrix, mainly composed of collagen fibers and ground substance.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Bone increases in width by addition of new bone tissue beneath the periosteum.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the four major stages in fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 15

Which of the following is a property of bone tissue that depends on the presence of crystalline mineral salts?

Accepted Answer

Hardness

Question 16

Which hormone, when present in large doses, lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 17

Which of the following is a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 18

A patient with hypocalcemia is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Tetany and increased neuromuscular excitability

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They maintain bone matrix and act as mechanosensors.

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, Development, and Homeostasis

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