Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the epiphyseal plate in a growing long bone?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where longitudinal bone growth occurs.

Question 2

A 7-year-old child fractures her femur. Which structure would you expect to find at the junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 3

Which type of bone tissue is organized into osteons (Haversian systems) and is primarily found in the diaphysis of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone

Question 4

A patient undergoes a bone marrow biopsy of the iliac crest. Which type of bone marrow is most likely to be found in this location in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the periosteum is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of an outer fibrous layer and an inner cellular layer.

Question 6

Which protein is the primary component of Sharpey's (perforating) fibers, providing structural reinforcement to the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 7

In the microscopic structure of compact bone, what is the function of canaliculi?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae, allowing communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the arrangement of collagen fibers in adjacent lamellae of an osteon is important?

Accepted Answer

It provides resistance to stretching and twisting forces.

Question 9

A 35-year-old adult has a bone scan showing yellow bone marrow in the diaphysis of the femur. What is the primary function of this marrow?

Accepted Answer

Storage of adipose tissue (fat)

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the location of red bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

It is present in the spongy bone of the hip bones, ribs, sternum, skull, vertebrae, and proximal epiphyses of femur and humerus.

Question 11

Which type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 12

A histological section of bone shows irregularly arranged lamellae and osteocytes in lacunae, but no osteons. Which type of bone is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone

Question 13

Which structure allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the bone shaft and supply the medullary cavity?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient foramen

Question 14

A 60-year-old patient has a fracture at the proximal epiphysis of the humerus. Which type of bone tissue predominates in this region?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and organized into osteons, while spongy bone consists of trabeculae and lacks osteons.

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the number of osteons ($$N_o$$), the total cross-sectional area of compact bone ($$A_{total}$$), and the average area of a single osteon ($$A_{osteon}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$N_o = \frac{A_{total}}{A_{osteon}}$$

Question 17

A patient with leukemia requires a bone marrow transplant. Which anatomical site is most likely to be chosen for harvesting red bone marrow in an adult?

Accepted Answer

Iliac crest of the hip bone

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the endosteum?

Accepted Answer

Lines the medullary cavity and covers trabeculae of spongy bone

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why osteocytes must be located in lacunae and connected by canaliculi?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste with blood vessels in the central canal

Question 20

A 30-year-old athlete suffers a fracture in the diaphysis of his tibia. Which type of bone tissue and marrow would you expect to find predominantly in this region?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone and yellow marrow

Skeletal System: Structure of Long Bones and Comparison of Compact vs. Spongy Bone

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards