Q: Which of the following equations correctly estimates the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

$$Total\,Burn\,Area = (\text{Number of affected regions}) \times 9\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of serous membranes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They line closed ventral body cavities, occur in pairs separated by serous fluid, and reduce friction between moving organs.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, painful, and blistered, but the epithelium is expected to regrow. Which type of burn does this patient most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for ongoing mitosis and the generation of new skin cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 4

A 45-year-old patient is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. Which of the following statements about this cancer is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the least malignant and most common type of skin cancer, arising from the stratum basale.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered a mini-excretory system?

Accepted Answer

It secretes sweat containing urea, salts, and water, aiding in the removal of metabolic wastes.

Question 6

A patient with a liver disorder develops a yellowish skin tone. Which pigment is primarily responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a serous membrane and the organ it surrounds?

Accepted Answer

Peritoneum – abdominal organs

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the composition and function of synovial membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are composed only of loose areolar connective tissue and secrete lubricating fluid into joint cavities.

Question 9

A patient has a skin lesion that is asymmetrical, has irregular borders, multiple colors, and is larger than 6 mm in diameter. According to the ABCDE rule, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanoma

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the stratum corneum is effective at preventing water loss from the skin?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of shingle-like dead cells filled with keratin, a waterproofing protein.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to pull hair upright, causing 'goosebumps' when cold or frightened

Question 12

A patient presents with clusters of boils caused by bacterial infection of hair follicles. What is the correct medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Carbuncles

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands are more numerous, open onto the skin surface, and produce a watery, acidic sweat for temperature regulation.

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly estimates the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

$$Total\,Burn\,Area = (	ext{Number of affected regions}) 	imes 9\%$$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 16

A patient with a third-degree burn is at risk for which of the following complications due to the destruction of the epidermis and dermis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and infection

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of dermal papillae in the papillary layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

They increase friction and gripping ability, and contain capillary loops and sensory receptors.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the hypodermis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed mostly of adipose tissue and serves as a shock absorber and insulator.

Question 19

A patient presents with pink, fluid-filled raised lesions around the mouth and nose, which are diagnosed as impetigo. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infection

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the skin is able to synthesize vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

The skin contains cells that convert cholesterol to vitamin D when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Skin and Body Membranes: Structure and Function

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