Question 1

A patient presents with loss of voluntary muscle movement after a spinal cord injury. Which spinal tract is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Corticospinal tract

Question 2

Which neuron is responsible for bringing sensory information from the body into the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

First-order neuron

Question 3

A patient cannot localize a touch but can feel it. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cortex

Question 4

Which structure connects the third and fourth ventricles, and what is a clinical consequence of its blockage?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral aqueduct; hydrocephalus

Question 5

During a head injury, a patient loses balance and coordination. Which brain structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla during stress, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine; increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 7

A patient with diabetes insipidus has excessive urination. Which hormone is deficient?

Accepted Answer

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 8

Which plasma protein maintains osmotic pressure and is low in liver disease?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 9

A patient with low platelet count is at risk for which clinical complication?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled bleeding

Question 10

Which blood type is considered the universal donor, and why?

Accepted Answer

Type O; has no A or B antigens

Question 11

A patient presents with fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Which hormone imbalance is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Low thyroid hormones ($$T_3$$, $$T_4)$$

Question 12

Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance, and what is a clinical sign of its dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear); vertigo

Question 13

Which sensory receptor detects changes in blood pressure, and what is a nursing assessment example?

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptor; check urinary retention or BP reflexes

Question 14

A patient with a stroke affecting the thalamus may lose which sensory function?

Accepted Answer

Awareness of touch

Question 15

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin; regulates sleep-wake cycles

Question 16

A patient with a head injury is unable to perform smooth, practiced movements. Which brain structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 17

Which immune cell is the first responder to bacterial infection and is found in pus?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 18

A patient with Cushing's syndrome has excess cortisol. Which symptoms are most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Weight gain, high BP, moon face

Question 19

Which tract is responsible for transmitting pain and temperature sensations to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 20

A patient with a sudden flash or loud noise startles and turns their head. Which tract is responsible for this reflex?

Accepted Answer

Tectospinal tract

Spinal Tracts, Brain Development, Autonomic Nervous System, Sensation, Blood & Immunity, and Endocrine System: Mini-Textbook Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions