Question 1

Which of the following best describes the organization of white matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

It is organized into ascending and descending columns, with tracts carrying sensory and motor information.

Question 2

A patient suffers a lesion that damages the dorsal root of a spinal nerve. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of sensory information from the periphery to the CNS

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches a spinal cord tract with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal column-medial lemniscal tract – transmits fine touch and proprioception

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the dorsal root ganglion?

Accepted Answer

It contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons entering the spinal cord.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of a spinal cord grey matter region and its primary content?

Accepted Answer

Ventral horn – sensory neuron cell bodies

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the three layers of the spinal meninges from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 7

A patient presents with loss of sensation and voluntary movement in the right arm after a spinal cord injury. Which of the following best explains the likely location of the injury?

Accepted Answer

Damage to the right dorsal and ventral roots at the cervical level

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The PNS includes all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord, including nerves and ganglia.

Question 9

Which of the following best defines a nerve plexus?

Accepted Answer

A network of interlacing nerves formed by ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 10

Which of the following cranial nerves is correctly matched with its Roman numeral and primary function?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII) – controls muscles of facial expression; mixed nerve

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in a somatic reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 12

Which of the following best distinguishes between autonomic and somatic reflexes?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic reflexes control cardiac and smooth muscle, while somatic reflexes control skeletal muscle.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of a mixed nerve?

Accepted Answer

It contains both sensory and motor axons.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the ventral ramus of a spinal nerve?

Accepted Answer

It forms nerve plexuses and innervates the limbs and anterior trunk.

Question 15

A patient is unable to perceive fine touch and proprioception on the left side of the body. Which spinal cord tract is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal column-medial lemniscal tract

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between the stretch reflex and the tendon reflex?

Accepted Answer

The stretch reflex prevents muscle overstretching, while the tendon reflex prevents muscle and tendon damage from excessive tension.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of the spinal meninges and spaces from the spinal cord outward?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater → Subarachnoid space → Arachnoid mater → Subdural space → Dura mater → Epidural space

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the communicating ramus of a spinal nerve?

Accepted Answer

It connects the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk for autonomic functions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the events leading to sensation and perception?

Accepted Answer

Sensation involves the detection of a stimulus by receptors, and perception is the conscious interpretation of that stimulus by the brain.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

It contains cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons.

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